1. Chapter 3 Review
What is the difference between acculturation and enculturation?
What is ethnocentrism?
What is a possible benefit of cultural clash?
Improving cultural understanding—how?
Chapter 3 - Communication, Culture, and Identity

2. Verbal communication + interpersonal
Chapter 4 Recap/Lecture
Verbal communication + interpersonal

3. What is verbal communication?
Written
Face-to-face
Use of words to communicate message
Part of communicating effectively
Relationship to interpersonal communication?

4. Use of Symbols Language = System of Symbols Words = Verbal Symbols
Grammar = Rules for use of words/symbols
Encoding and Decoding – difference?

5. Verbal symbols…. Are symbolic Evolve Vary in level of abstraction
Impacted by culture?
Evolve
Over time
Because of technology
Examples?
Vary in level of abstraction
Can be intentional (strategic ambiguity, equivocation “You are always so kind to me! Thanks for the gift!”, euphemisms “Pardon me while I run to the powder room.” )

6. Verbal symbols … Have denotative and connotative meaning
Difference?
What are the denotative meanings of these words? What could be the connotative meanings?
Hot
Scrub
Crazy
Bad
Jumping
Thirsty
Swag

7. Verbal symbols….are powerful
Positively
Negatively
Static Evaluation
Polarizaion
Reifiicaion
Muting
Sexist language
Racist language
Homophobic language
Albeist language
Building relationships
Inclusion
Confirmation
Problem solving

8. Group Chat
The Power of Language. Complete the slip of paper on the power of language. Have a discussion with your group.
Discuss how those words would negatively impact interpersonal communication
(e.g. if used, would you continue to communicate? Change the way you communicate? Change your perceptions of that person?)
At end of discussion, on back of your slip—what did you learn? Any word surprise you? Altered any of your current views?

9. Improving Verbal Communication
Perspective taking
I-Messages
Understanding ladder of abstraction
Indexing
Probing middle ground

10. Influences on Verbal Symbols

11. Sex and Gender Two-culture theory Some argue:
Women use: more rapport talk, modifiers, polite talk
Also align those traits with femininity
Debate over if difference exist
Application Exercise

12. Application Exercise #3 (Worth 10 points):
There’s a current debate over if there is a difference between the way men and women communicate verbally. Observe a conversation between a male and female (either out in public or on a television show). Focus on their verbal communication. What differences do you notice in terms of the way each sex communicated with each other? How did these differences (or similarities) appear to impact interpersonal communication? Also discuss examples of how the two sexes communicated on an interpersonal level by reflecting on some of the terms you learned this chapter (e.g. connotative vs. denotative meaning, other factors impacting their use of symbols, their use of verbal symbols in positive or negative ways). Did your findings align with how you feel about the current debate? Must use terminology from the text. Can include as paragraphs or as lists (of sentences and short phrases—not 2 words). Must be typed.

13. Culture and Ethnicity Theories to help understand Phatic communication
Symbolic interactionism
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Linguistic determinism
Linguistic relativity
Phatic communication
Code switching
Codabiliy
Speech communities
Idioms
How do we use idioms in the US?

14. Generation Differences based on Shared experiences
New technologies (or lack thereof)
Co-culture

15. Context Determines appropriateness e.g. “Shut up”
Consider all elements in environment, such as:
Situation
Time
Relationship
Nonverbal cues
Relationship between verbal and nonverbal
Will discuss with Chapter 5

16. Food for thought
Consider the role of verbal communication: How difficult would it be to have interpersonal communication without using verbal communication? Let’s play our version of CHARADES and see!