1. CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade M. Hansen, CERN for the CMS ECAL upgrade project(s)

2. Content l Legacy system design and Status l Requirements l Barrel Calorimeter electronics upgrade l End Cap calorimeter upgrade l Conclusion CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

3. Legacy ECAL Barrel FE electronics system - Design and Status l Modularity s 25 channels = 1 trigger tower l Features s Trigger Primitive generation s Pipeline, event buffer in FE l Status s 25/2592 with issues s 13/2592 irrecoverable CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch STRIP ASIC HSSer. STRIP ASIC STRIP ASIC STRIP ASIC STRIP ASIC HSSer TCP ASIC DAQ ASIC FENIX GOL 800Mbps Trigger etc. ADC QuadADC (5x) PreAmp 3 gain MGPA (5x) PD1 APD1; G=50 PD2 APD2; G=50 PWO crystal 4p.e. / MeV to APD pair VFE card (5x) FE card Low voltage regulator board – 10 linear rad tol regulators Dynamic range 40MeV – 1.5TeV, 40ns RC-CR ASICS in 0.25um tech

4. Legacy ECAL Barrel trigger tower CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch GOH (GOL hybrid) CCU (Slow control) Front end chip QPLL (clock cleaning) Low voltage regulators VFE FE Mother board

5. Legacy ECAL Supermodule integration & Slow control l 72 legacy towers in SuperModule s 36 SM in total l Slow and fast control in 8 rings s Single tower of fibre failure recovery; very few issues to date CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

6. Noise vs ageing l Electronic noise vs ageing and eta s APD dark current predicted to increase with integrated luminosity – confirmed -> l Large Extrapolation suggest noise increase by a factor 10 after 3000fb-1 s Roughly corresponds to 400 MeV/channel s TBC by measurements l The feasibility to operate the ECAL barrel colder and thereby decrease the APD dark current noise is under study CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

7. CMS ECAL Barrel Anomalous events: Spikes APD Crystal HCAL (2) Hadrons interacting with the APD’s causing anomalous high E deposits Hadrons come from primary interaction and backsplash CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

8. Legacy Real Time Spike rejection Algorithm l An EM shower deposit E in more than one crystal l A spike typically occurs only in one APD CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch eta strip number: 1 2 3 4 5 OR result: 1 (shower-like)OR result: 0 (spike-like) EM shower Spike crystal above threshold crystal below threshold eta strip number: 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 channels above threshold strip LUT result: 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 channels above threshold strip LUT result: strip LUT configuration: 00000,00001,00010,00100,01000,10000 → output=0 all other combinations → output=1 TCP ASIC → OR of 5 strip LUT results ϕ ϕ CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

9. Spike rates l L1 Spike rejection in 2012 O(95%) s Rate sustainable up to LS3 with somewhat raised channel threshold l Legacy Spike Rejection Algorithm is sensitive to PU (see plot ->) l Exploring improvements having access to full granularity of data in the trigger path s Single crystal readout l Exploring pulse-shape variables to provide an additional efficiency/rejection safety margin s Analogue Signal Processing CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

10. ECAL barrel Phase 2 Upgrade Requirements l Requirements s Trigger rate up to 1 MHz è Legacy max ~150 kHz s Trigger latency up to 25 us è Legacy max ~5 us s Full installation during LHC Long Shutdown 3 s Maintained or improved reliability and availability s Improve the EB spike mitigation l High on the wish list s Decrease the Low Voltage Current delivered to the Front End system in order to decrease the physical volume required for services s Solid failure mitigation scheme è E.g. avoid dependence between neighbours CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

11. Phase 2 ECAL Barrel FE electronics system - Design idea l Modularity s 1 channel for readout and trigger s As legacy for services (bias, LV) l Features s Trigger-less s Streaming l Requires 10 Gbps GBT s 4 fibers/readout unit CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch HSSer GBT ADC?PreAmp? PD1 APD PD2 APD PbW crystal VFE card FE card PreAmp/ADC? QIE? 9.6Gbps 4.8/9.6Gbps 9,6Gbps 4.8Gbps Controls Data stream + control handshake Data stream LV regulator board, e.g 3 rad tol DCDC

12. Phase 2 ECAL Barrel FE electronics system - Design idea l Modularity s 1 channel for readout and trigger s As legacy for services (bias, LV) l Features s Trigger-less s Streaming l Requires 5 Gbps GBT s 6 fibers/readout unit CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch HSSer GBT 4.8Gbps ADC?PreAmp? PD1 APD PD2 APD PbW crystal VFE card FE card PreAmp/ADC? QIE? 4.8Gbps Controls Data stream + control handshake Data stream LV regulator board, e.g 5 rad tol DCDC

13. Current EB R&D plan for TP VFE l Develop a VFE chip set and Carrier s Develop the optimal scheme for spike detection è At the source, i.e. in the very front end amplifier and ADC è In the back end exploiting fine granularity of channel level data s Define the best compromise between noise and power consumption è Considering the increased APD noise due to radiation damage è Considering the possibility to operate the ECAL barrel below room temperature s Optimise sensitivity to out-of-time Pile-Up è Optimise sampling rate and pulse shaping time for HL-LHC conditions CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

14. Current EB R&D plan for TP l Develop the upgraded front end power system demonstrator s Develop a carrier for e.g. the DCDC module described last Tuesday afternoon by Federico Faccio s Evaluate with legacy front end system s Look out for issues with Noise and Thermal management l Develop a front end card Demonstrator s Streaming data to the back end s Look out for issues with Thermal management l Study existing CMS back end cards and define requirements for the future ECAL back end system s E.g. cards developed for the CMS level 1 trigger phase 1 upgrade CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

15. CMS EB upgrade Working Groups l WG1: Evaluate Scope of Upgrade with regard to Risk and Schedule s W. Funk, M. Hansen, et al. l WG2: Develop motivation and Evaluate options for upgrading the VFE and the LVR s M. Dejardin et al. l WG3: Evaluate the desired Functionality and characteristics of replacement FE card s A. Singovsky, J.C. Silva, et al. l WG4: Detector Monitoring s D. Bailleux, P. Gras, et al. l Group of electronics developers is growing CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

16. ENDCAPS SECTION CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch

17. CMS Endcap calorimeter upgrade l ECAL and HCAL Endcaps are suffering radiation damage l Planning re-build or fully replace ECAL and HCAL Endcaps for HL-LHC l Three proposals on the table CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch HCAL ECAL ES

18. End-cap calorimeter upgrade Proposal 1 Shashlik ECAL CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch l The Shashlik proposal comprises ECAL and a re-built full HCAL endcap l Readout chain very similar to ECAL barrel Hl-LHC upgrade and HCAL legacy / Phase 1 s ~ECAL barrel system size: 61k channels l SiPM location alternatives s In front of HCAL: InGaP PM and 3m analogue cable s Behind HCAL: SiPM and 3m fiber carrying Shashlik light ADC?PreAmp? PD SiPM PreAmp/ADC? QIE10 Electronics location(s) Intermediate Layer behind HCAL: -E.g. Igloo3 radtol FPGA -10Gb optical link drivers -Services -- Power -- Controls OFF-DETECTOROFF-DETECTOR

19. End-cap calorimeter upgrade Proposal 2 Combined Forward Calorimeter CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch PD SiPM QIEx, TDC OFF-DETECTOROFF-DETECTOR Scintillating fiber (Slow) Quartz fiber (fast) PD SiPM QIEx, TDC ROC, e.g. Domino Ring Sampler; (“Sparsified” 5 GHz sampling) FPGA e.g. Igloo 3 l CFC Comprises full ECAL and full HCAL endcap l Essentially three ~ECAL barrel sized readout systems s Scintillating, quartz, timing l Fine timing data stored in ROC s Read out after L1A Electronics located behind HCAL: -E.g. Igloo3 FPGA -10Gb optical link drivers -Services -- Power -- Controls L1A

20. End-cap calorimeter upgrade Proposal 3 High Granularity Calorimeter l HGC Comprises full ECAL and half HCAL endcap s Combined with half re-built legacy HCAL Endcap l “Coarse” trigger primitives sent off detector l Full granularity data stored in ROC s Read out after L1A CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch 64 Chan FE ROC Trigger Primitives 5Gbps e-link RO/CTRL 30k modules in 41 planes Absorber interleaved Intermediate Layer: Behind HCAL: -Map on 10Gb optical links -Services -- Power -- Controls (Fast and Slow) OFF-DETECTOROFF-DETECTOR

21. Conclusion l Described the Legacy CMS ECAL Electronics system design and Status l Described few issues to be addressed with the upgrade of the CMS ECAL electronics system l Listed a set of CMS Requirements, general to CMS phase 1 and Phase 2 upgrades l Listed future R&D for the ECAL Barrel Calorimeter electronics upgrade l Briefly described options for the Endcap calorimeter upgrade l All in all, interesting time ahead of us CMS HL-LHC EM Calorimeter Upgrade @ ACES2014M. Hansen, CERN. magnus.hansen@cern.ch