1. Dams Current Projects Vulnerability of zoned embankment dams to crest attack, Basic Research, FY07-08 Vulnerability of zoned embankment dams to waterside attack, Basic Research, FY07-08 Understanding bubble jetting against dam structures, Basic Research FY08 Full scale explosives testing on homogenous embankment dams, US Bureau of Reclamation Lock Wall Vulnerability Study, US Army Corps of Engineers Spillway Gate Vulnerability and Mitigation, US Bureau of Reclamation Defeat of Improvised Kinetic Energy Penetrators, Basic Research, FY08 Blast/Projectile – Protective Measures & Design Tool, Transition, FY09 Blast/Projectile – Unified Blast Analysis Tool, Transition, FY09 Gaps Larger scale field tests on zoned embankments to validate laboratory results Laboratory and field tests of explosive attacks on concrete arch and gravity dams Improved computational models validated by physical tests Calculations with advanced computer models to verify full-scale dam response to dynamic loading conditions Aircraft impact studies on concrete dams Accelerated repair and restoration techniques Pre-Decisional Draft/FOUO

2. Vulnerability of Zoned Embankment Dams (Basic research) 78,000 embankment dams in the U.S. Embankment dams may be especially susceptible to two attack modes: –VBIED attack on the crest of the dam (roadways pass over some embankments) –Waterside attack by boats, divers, submerged charges Effects of simulated attacks will be investigated by scaled experiments using a geotechnical centrifuge and numerical modeling Results will determine fundamental failure modes of embankments and guide the development of operational and technological countermeasures Performer: US Army Corps of Engineers (Partners: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, University of Maryland, Steedman & Associates) TRL (start): 2 TRL (end): 3 Water Shell Filters Core Shell Rock Foundation

3. Bubble Jetting Impact on Dams (Basic Research) Underwater blast effects can be compounded by bubble collapse and jetting Navy has analyzed bubble jetting effects on the underside of ship hulls (horizontal surface) Vertical surfaces of dams (such as spillway gates, lock walls and gates) may be susceptible to bubble jetting Computational modeling and physical testing will define the relevance of bubble jetting phenomena to dam structures Results will guide development of operational (standoff) and technical countermeasures Performer: US Army Corps of Engineers (Partners: Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head, US Bureau of Reclamation, Applied Research Associates) TRL (start): 2 TRL (end): 3 Powerhouse Navigation Lock & Fish Ladder Embankment Dam Spillway Gates and Bridge

4. Other Projects/ Gaps Projects for underwater detection and interdiction Projects for underwater detection and interdiction Gap: More guidance to issue water warnings Gap: More guidance to issue water warnings Gap: Better syndromic surveillance methodology/ technology using first responder feedback Gap: Better syndromic surveillance methodology/ technology using first responder feedback Gap: Network feed back control for water utilities for mitigation of contaminant attacks Gap: Network feed back control for water utilities for mitigation of contaminant attacks Gap: Assessing contaminant impacts Gap: Assessing contaminant impacts