1. Warm-up
1. The phrase Manifest Destiny was coined by John O'Sullivan in 1845

2. White Americans believed they had a God-given right to occupy the entire North American continent.

3. Manifest Destiny was an entirely new concept.

4. Manifest Destiny was used to encourage people to move further East.

5. Advertising, newspaper stories and pictures encouraged people to move onto the Plains. 

6. Gold was found in Kansas in 

7. The Homestead Act offered people 160 acres of land.

8. Under the terms of the Homestead Act people had to build a house on the Plains and live there for 5 years.

9. Stories of failure were widely circulated.

10. Paintings encouraged people to fulfill Manifest Destiny.

2. Chapter 11: Expanding West Section 1: Trails to the West
LG 8.61: Analyze the reasons, outcome, and legacy of groups moving west including the mountain men/trail blazers, Mormons, missionaries, settlers, and the impact of the Oregon Trail and John C. Fremont.

3. Moving West
During the early 1800s, Americans moved west of the Rocky Mountains to settle and trade.
At first they were looking for beaver fur because they had killed off the beaver population in the east supplying French, British & American hat making companies

4. Mountainmen
Fur traders & trappers who traveled to the west trapping animals to sell to companies like the American Fur Company, owned by John Jacob Astor.
They adopted Native American customs & clothing
Married NA women, who worked with them to be successful traders.

5. Rendezvous A yearly meeting of trappers Created to increase profits
Included celebrations & storytelling

6. Astoria, Columbia River
1811 Trading post
One of the first American settlements in Oregon Country

7. Oregon Country Pacific Northwest
U.S. Robert Gray; merchant captain discovers Columbia River 1792
U.S. makes treaties for the land with Spain & Russia
Treaty with Britain to share the land – both can occupy it.
1840s fur trade begins to decline
Settlers from the east come lured by rich resources and mild climate
Oregon Country Pacific Northwest
Russia
Britain
Spain
United States

8. Trails West
Read about trails west pages 346 – 349.
When you finish reading, create a bubble map about the three trails west. Include the name of the trail and the purpose of the trail (Where did it go? Who traveled on it?)
Which trail would you have wanted to travel? Why?

9. Trails West Bubble Map
Directions: Record the name and purpose of the three trails west in a similar bubble map.
Trails West
Oregon Trail/California Trail
Santa Fe/Old Spanish Trail
Mormon Trail

10. Major Western Trails
The first major western trail was the Santa Fe Trail, which stretched 800 miles from Independence, Missouri, to the town of Santa Fe, the capital of Spanish New Mexico. It began as a trade route.
Santa Fe Trail
The 2,000-mile Oregon Trail stretched from Independence, Missouri, to the rich farming lands of the Willamette Valley in Oregon. It was used by Native Americans, Lewis and Clark, fur traders and mountain men, and finally migrants.
Oregon Trail
Between 1847 and 1853, some 16,000 Mormons migrated west following the 1,300-mile route that became known as the Mormon Trail. It ran from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Salt Lake City in present-day Utah.
Mormon Trail

11. The Results??
Wagons West – trains of 10 to 100 wagons moved settlers the 2000 miles from Missouri to Oregon or California
260,000 Americans
made the trip
Trip took 5 months
Donner Party (cannibalism)
showed the danger
Those that made it
got better farms

13. Western Trails Map
Use page 347 to label the map. Use the legend in your box to do your map.
Find and label the Rocky Mountains
Label all the towns, cities, forts, oceans, etc

14. Oregon Trail on a tour designed to simulate
Wagon Train Crossing Prairie Lined With Cliffs A wagon train crosses a prairie lined with cliffs on the
Oregon Trail on a tour designed to simulate
the pioneer experience on the Oregon Trail. Near Bayard, Nebraska.

15. "EMIGRANTS TO THE WEST" prepare a meal on the prairie.
Emigrants To The West Illustration Original caption: American Westward Expansion:
"EMIGRANTS TO THE WEST" prepare a meal on the prairie.

17. Covered Wagon Parts at Crossing Site on the Green River Covered wagon parts sit on rocks above the edge of the Green River Where wagons on the Oregon Trail crossed the river near LaBarge, Wyoming.

18. trade and which also served as a pony express station, still stands
Pony Express Station on Oregon Trail A weathered building built in 1857 to serve Oregon-California
trade and which also served as a pony express station, still stands
in Hanover, Kansas.

19. the skeleton of a young pioneer woman
Excavating Oregon Trail Burial Site A hand holding a whisk broom brushes dirt from
the skeleton of a young pioneer woman
who died while crossing the country on the Oregon Trail
in the 19th century. Wyoming, USA.

24. Aerial View of Motorhomes and
Covered Wagons Parked in a Circle Covered wagons and motor homes stand in a circle in imitation
of the protective circles pioneers formed as they set up camp
while crossing the country in wagon trains along the
Oregon Trail. Near Bayard, Nebraska.

27. veers off from the Oregon Trail near South Pass, Wyoming.
Aerial View of "Y" in the Oregon Trail The Sublette Cutoff, which leads South to Utah and Califonia,
veers off from the Oregon Trail near South Pass, Wyoming.

28. What were some challenges that individuals encountered while traveling west?
Make a chart similar to the one on Question 3 Section Assessment page 349.
For each Trail list challenges
Which trail west would you have taken? Why?
Assignment