1. Global Warming & Air Pollution

2. What is Global Warming? *An increase in the average temperature of the Earth *Recent debate, but has been looked at by scientists for centuries

3. Larson B ice shelf, January 2002 Larson B ice shelf, March 2002

4. What causes it? Natural Impacts- *Volcanoes *Water vapor *clouds *Change in sun’s energy output

5. What causes it? CO 2 methane nitrous oxide fluorinated compounds Greenhouse Gases: Human Impacts-

6. Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse gases impede the escape of heat from Earth’s surface

8. Who ’ s Responsible? Burning of fossil fuels is a main cause U.S. is leader in greenhouse gasses Human impacts are changing the composition of the atmosphere

9. What are Causes of Global Warming? Air Pollution What is air pollution? -The presence in the air of substances which pose a potential threat to human health and/or the environment. -The presence of particles in the air which decrease visibility -The U.S. EPA estimates that 50 percent of the U.S. population is exposed to air pollutants exceeding current federal standards.

10. Sources and Types of Air Pollution Energy production from fossil fuels - Carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, particulates - Increase in greenhouse gases, acidic precipitation

11. Sources and Types of Air Pollution Automobiles, other transportation sources - Carbon dioxide, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, products of incomplete combustion - Increase in greenhouse gases, acidic precipitation

12. The Carbon Cycle

14. CH 4 (methane)

15. Fig. 47-23d, p.859 N 2 O (nitrous oxide)

17. Sources and Types of Air Pollution Refrigeration devices including home, commercial, and vehicles - Chlorofluorocarbons - Destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer

18. The ozone layer  Absorbs UV radiation, preventing much of it from contacting organisms in the biosphere.  Has been thinning since 1975 because of the accumulation of chlorofluorocarbons.

19. CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) Note that CFC increase stopped after 1995!

20. Effects of Air Pollution and Global Warming -Rising Sea Level -Change of precipitation and local climate conditions; acid rain -Alteration of forests and crop yields -Expansions of deserts into existing rangelands - More intense rainstorms -Not all long-term effects can be determined

21. Air QualityAir Quality Index (ppm)Protect Your Health Good0-50No health impacts are expected when air quality is in this range. Moderate51-100Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion. Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups 101-150Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion. Unhealthy 151-200 Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion, everyone else, especially children should limit prolonged outdoor excertion. Very Unhealthy (Alert)201-300Active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit prolonged outdoor exertion everyone else, especially children, should limit outdoor exertion.

22. What Is Being Done: Alternatives http://www.snre.umich.edu/greendana/im ages/solar_array_southfield.jpg http://cs.baylor.edu/~forbes/personal/joshu atree/wind-generators.1.jpg Renewable Energy Sources Solar Energies Wind Power http://www.wrenuk.co.uk/images/biom ass.jpg Biomass http://www.ca.blm.gov/news/images/geothe rmal.gif Geothermal

23. Changes In Vehicle S ystems Hybrid Fuel Cell Battery- Electric http://autozine.kyul.net/technical_school/engin e/tech_pic_eng_prius.jpg http://www.redjellyfish.com/newim ages/merlin.jpg http://www.evworld.com/archives/te stdrives/carpicts/ecom_sm.jpg

24. Are These Feasible? © 2002 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (p296)

25. Comparative Costs of Renewable Energy Technologies

26. Conclusion Responsibility to improve environmental conditions lies upon all of us as individuals Concentrate on preventing environmental degradation before it starts Alternatives ARE feasible and CAN be used