1. Office of Overseas Programming & Training Support (OPATS) Stigma, Discrimination, and HIV Prevention HIV Prevention

2. Session Objectives  Participants appreciate stigma and discrimination’s impact on HIV prevention.  Participants use participatory approaches to address stigma and discrimination in their communities.

3. Stigma and Discrimination 1  Process of devaluation of people living with or associated with the disease  Linked to power and domination in society  Reinforces inequality whereby some groups are made to feel superior and others devalued  When stigma is acted upon, the result is discrimination 1 UNAIDS. April 2005. HIV-Related Stigma, Discrimination and Human Rights Violations: Case Studies of Successful Programmes. Geneva: UNAIDS.

4. Types of Stigma  Experienced/enacted stigma  Anticipated/perceived/felt stigma  Self or internal stigma  Intersecting/layered stigma

5. Root Causes of Stigma & Discrimination  Lack of knowledge/ignorance  Moral judgment  Power and poverty

6. Addressing Stigma with Immediate Action 1  Raise Awareness: Close the Intention-Action Gap – Foster understanding and motivation for stigma reduction  Address Transmission Fears and Misconceptions – How it is and is not transmitted – Respond to specific fears related to daily living context  Discuss and Challenge “Shame and Blame” – The values and beliefs that underlie stigma and discrimination: Where they come from? What they do? 1 Taken from Nyblade L. 2012. What works for reducing stigma and discrimination: Programmes and tools for reducing stigma and discrimination, including human rights approaches. Presentation at International AIDS Society Conference 2012. Washington DC: IAS.

7. Creating Partnerships to Address Stigma 2  PLHA to lead stigma mitigating activities – Build capacity and resilience – Strengthen networks and associations – Address self-stigma  Engage a range of actors – Opinion leaders – Media – Family members – Youth  Foster interaction between stigmatizers and stigmatized  Model desired behavior and reward role models 2 Ibid.