1. LAW OF CONSERVATION of ENERGY

2. In the golf ball investigation, can we account for all the energy in the system? Basically, if we add up all the PE, KE and any friction, will it equal the total energy (TE) in the system? Yes, scientific evidence leads us to believe that ALL of the energy in any example can be accounted for! But it is not always easy in an open system.

3. LAW OF CONSERVATION of ENERGY Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed or transferred. Total Energy is all the energy in a system The TOTAL ENERGY (T E ) will always stays the same!!! T E = P E + K E + heat

4. LAW OF CONSERVATION of ENERGY The TOTAL ENERGY of a system can be measured by adding P E + K E + Heat. T E = K E + P E + heat Q: Where does the heat come from??? A: Friction!!! (Rub your hands together and see what happens!!!)

5. LAW OF CONSERVATION of ENERGY TE will equal the GPE at the highest point in a system! TE=GPE at the highest point 100 Joules of energy to start 100 Joules of energy at the end! Equal at the mid point! “ What you put in, is what you get out! ” (TE) NEVER CHANGES in a system! A B C

6. LAW OF CONSERVATION of ENERGY Let ’ s look at the pendulum swing. Will it continue to swing with same amount of energy over time? Why won ’ t the beginning energy ever equal the end energy??? Hint: Can heat be contained in an open system? NO… please remember that energy is not destroyed, but some of it can escape from the system to the surroundings in the form of heat from the rope.

7. LAW OF CONSERVATION of ENERGY This is why no system will ever be 100% efficient… Meaning the beginning energy will never equal the end energy… There is no such thing as a frictionless system!!!

8. 2. In an energy chain, only KE and GPE are to be included. AGREEDISAGREE As energy is transferred and transformed in a system, some of the energy is lost. AGREEDISAGREE Work is the same thing as energy. AGREEDISAGREE If something has a lot of energy, it also has a lot of power. AGREEDISAGREE

9. ENERGY CHAINS Since energy is transferred and transformed all the time, it is helpful to be able to track the “ flow ” of energy in systems. A map of what happens to energy, where it goes, and how it changes is called an Energy Chain. Energy chains can be created using words, pictures, arrows, or any combination of things that show the movement of energy in an example.

10. Energy Chains Can you think of how the energy flows through a car? What would you start with? What types of energy transformations are happening?

11. Energy Transfer and Transformation Chemical Electrical Thermal Mechanical Kinetic Energy Thermal Energy

13. Can you construct an Energy Chain for a person hitting a softball to the outfield?