1. Small is beautiful: AGL physical modeling and salt measurements N. Dyaur, R. Stewart, and L. Huang Houston May 16, 2013 1

2. Introduction & motivation Why physical modeling? AGL physical modeling system Scaled models of resource interest – laser-etched glass – 3D printed materials – Inclusions and injection Fracture results Ultrasonic measurements on salt & sediments 2

3. 100 kHz to 5 MHz sources and receivers Use 10,000 factor to compare to seismic: 100 kHz = 10 Hz, 5MHz = 500 Hz Schematic diagram of ultrasonic system Source Receiver Source Microseismic experiment Receiver Marine System Land SystemMeasurement system Receiver stations Source 3

4. AGL Ultrasonic Research Systems Marine system Land System Ultrasonic measurement system 4

5. Part of Models Glass models Azimuthal acquisition Injection Model Large Model with fracture domain Fracture Modeling 5

6. Example of CMP profiles in ultrasonic experiment in laser fractured glass OFF FractureON Fracture Direct Arrival P-Wave Reflection from Glass Bottom C-Wave Reflection from Glass Bottom Shear-Wave Reflection from Glass Bottom P-wave Reflection from Top of Fracture P-wave Reflection from Base of Fracture (processed by Bode Omoboya) 6

7. 3D printed models 51 mm Prism A Prism B 5 HTI VTI

8. Hydraulic fracture model with horizontal well 200 mm 152.4 mm 137.7 mm XY Z Model PM 4 (real) Image patch of fracture in PM 3 (microscope) Model PM 4 (drawing) 8

9. Vertical fractures Tilted fractures Horizontal fracture Combination of fracture systems Future of Modeling with 3D printed material 3D printed Material 9

10. Halite Core from a salt dome. Core as it was delivered to AGL This part of core was cut for ultrasonic measurements Core 1 Core 2 763mm 101.6 mm 10

11. Test N Vp, Km/sVs, km/sVp/Vs 1 4.5122.6111.728 2 4.5322.6241.728 3 4.5212.6091.733 Average 4.5222.6151.729 Velocity of Compressional wave (Vp) and Shear wave (Vs) along of axis of Salt core. Density. Table 1. Results of three tests : Velocity Vp and Vs, and Vp/Vs ratio Ultrasonic transducers for P- and S-wave Velocity measurements with central frequency 500 kHz Density: Core 1 – 2.124 g/ cm 3 Core 2 – 2.054 g/ cm 3 Ro of salt core – 2.09±0.04 g/ cm 3 11

12. Salt core in device for anisotropy measurement. Angle meter (Azimuth) a) Front view b) Top view Ultrasonic transducers, Used Shear wave transducers – 0.5 MHz central frequency Salt core Device Salt core 12

13. Azimuthal velocity of Compressional (Vp1) and Shear (Vs1) waves for section 1 of salt core-2 Azimuth was taken a confidential. Velocity, km/s Vp Vs Section 1 13

14. Pressure dependent velocity (Vp and Vs) measurement within sample of core 2 (De-hua-Han Rock Physics Lab, UH, AGL) Halite cylindrical sample (D=36.84mm, L=50.36mm ) Vp and Vs of Salt core 2 under Confining pressure Vp Vs Vp/Vs versus confining pressure 14

15. Conclusions:  AGL physical modeling Laboratory has 3 Ultrasonic research systems: a) Marine, b) Land, c) Ultrasonic measurement system.  They are used for modeling seismic survey, microseismic monitoring tests, time-lapse seismic, and characterization of rocks and material elastic properties.  Seismic physical modeling solve the geophysical problems in more economical and fast way.  Study properties of rocks support in interpreting field data  3D printing material gives new opportunity for physical modeling of reservoir or rocks containing tectonic or hydraulic fractures in anisotropic medium. 15

16. Dr. Peter Copeland Mr. Jose Baez-Franceschi Dr. De-hua Han Mr. Q. Yao Mr. F. Yan Students of AGL 16

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