1. A GIS BASED ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE IN ZANGON SHANU Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

2. STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM There has been relatively little interest in the relationship between urban planning and the provision and management of electricity distribution networks. Electricity transmission and distribution is supposed to be a joint coordinated effort between the planning authority, which is responsible for setting standards and PHCN, the agency responsible for generating and distributing electricity. Zangon Shanu, being a residential area has developed haphazardly causing problems to the electricty system. Some of the problems facing Zangon Shanu are -Lack of clearly defined utility lines -Epileptic power supply caused by overloaded power distribution transformers -Poor electricity distribution networks due to inadequate data on electricity demand. Conventional method for establishing demand for electricity does not consider household sizes. GIS based methodology will help compute electricity demand based on household size and land use characteristics. Other researchers such as Igbokwe, J.I. and Emengini, E.J. (2005); and Aleksandar (2010) carried out studies on the supply side of electricity and this was done at the regional level by applying GIS. This research attempts to establish the demand and supply of electricity at the neigbourhood level and also check the suitability of sited electricity infrastructure.

3. AIM The aim of the study is to assess the pattern of electricity distribution in Zangon Shanu using GIS, with a view to identify problems and make recommendations for improvement. OBJECTIVES  To review the application of GIS in assessing electricity distribution system.  To examine the locational characteristics of existing electricity infrastructure in the study area. To examine the locational characteristics of existing electricity infrastructure in the study area.  To apply GIS in identifying problem areas within the existing transmission and distribution system. To apply GIS in identifying problem areas within the existing transmission and distribution system.  To make physical planning recommendations. To make physical planning recommendations.

4.  LOCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN ZANGON SHANU ● Location OBJ 2

5.  LOCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN ZANGON SHANU ● Population -The 2006 National Population and Housing Census puts the population of Zangon Shanu at 7,727 persons. With a growth rate of 3.2%, the projected population in 2012 is expected to be 9,334 persons. LAND USE CATEGORY AREA (Ha) PERCENTAGE (%) Developed Area38.818.23 Vacant developable area and areas under agricultural use 172.280.88 Vacant undevelopable area with water bodies 1.90.89 TOTAL212.9100 ● Physical Development Characteristics LANDUSEAREA (Ha)PERCENTAGE (%) Residential20.552.8 Commercial0.61.55 Public1.43.61 Light Industrial 0.10.29 Circulation15.940.98 Mixed0.30.77 TOTAL38.8100 OBJ 2

6.  LOCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE IN ZANGON SHANU OBJ 2

7.  APPLYING GIS TO IDENTIFY PROBLEM AREAS WITHIN THE EXISTING TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ● Methodology Flow Chart Acquisition of Satellite Image Reconnaissance / Field SurveyEstablishment of Co-ordinates (Control Points) Collection of GPS Co-ordinates of existing Electricity Transmission and Distribution Infrastructure Mapping / Vectorization Acquisition and Creation of Attribute Data * Land Use Type* House hold Size* Electricity Supply Status * Capacity of Distribution Transformers * Street Name*Others Electricity Demand and Supply Recommendations Georeferencing using Control Points Buffering of Infrastructure OBJ 3 Overlays (Intersect and Identity) Queries Data Analysis

8. Identity Overlay

9. The identity from the analysis shows that 141 out of 1,789 buildings have electric distribution lines running directly over them. Occupants of such buildings are exposed to electric shocks, fire outbreaks and radiation from power lines. This accounts for 8% of the total buildings in the study area. Identity Overlay

10. The intersect from the analysis shows that 62 out of 1,789 buildings are likely to be exposed to hazards such as radiation and damages resulting from collapse of poles on buildings. This is as a result of siting high tension cables and poles close to buildings Intersect Overlay

11. The intersect from the analysis shows that 558 (31%) buildings out of 1,789 buildings in Zangon Shanu can be exposed to radiation, electric shocks and damages resulting from collapse of poles on buildings as a result of wrong location of electricity distribution poles and lines. More electricity distribution infrastructure are wrongly sited when compared to electricity transmission infrastructure in the study area Intersect Overlay

12. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ELECTRICITY DEMAND SECTOR CAPACITY (KVA) CURRENT DEMAND FOR BUILDINGS WITH ELECTRICITY (KVA) ESTIMATED DEMAND FOR BUILDINGS WITHOUT ELECTRICITY (KVA) TOTAL DEMAND (KVA) SHORTFALL (KVA) RESCOMMXDPUBL.INDRESCOMMXDPUBL.IND A210455.431.56-46.21.5-16.5-530.1-320.1 B300940.822.516.5931141.5---1,107-807 C21062467.519.51867.84.5-1.5-742.5-532.5 D10036.6331.564.531.5---86.1+13.9 E6101,135124.531.5193.8--18-1,368-758 TOTAL3,833.7-2,417.6 ANALYSES BLDGS AT RISK LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL HOUSING STOCK RESCOMMXDPUBL.IND Transmission Lines62421118-3.50% Distribution Lines558468502213531.20% Transformers42--2-0.20% Buildings with Distribution Lines overhead 1471171785-8.20% Buildings with Transmission Lines Overhead ------- SUITABLILITY OF LOCATION OF ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE

13.  PHYSICAL PLANNING RECOMMENDATIONS ● Overloading of Transformers OBJ 4 From the assessment carried out, problems were identified and the following physical planning recommendations will help in effective electricity transmission and distribution by the PHCN in Zangon Shanu -Replacement and or provision of transformers with larger capacities ● Proximity of Electricity Infrastructure to Buildings -Rerouting of transmission lines -Insulation of distribution lines -Relocation of Transformers from developed areas ● Risk of Electrocution -Adoption of site and services schemes and preparation of layout plans for undeveloped areas -Introduction of underground electricity distribution networks ● Other Recommendations -Planning authorities need to embrace and employ the use of GIS to check sites before approvals -Need to brief, train and retrain PHCN staff on the relevance of GIS in the Nigerian power sector -Planning authorities should make layout plans readily available to the PHCN