1. Writing Good Clicker Questions Klaus Woelk Associate Chair / Associate Professor Chemistry Department

2. Klaus Woelk Associate Chair / Associate Professor Chemistry Department Students who dislike clickers complain mostly about... 1.Instructors not using them enough 2.Instructors not using them right 3.Technology problems 4.No particular reason

3. Writing Good Clicker Questions --- Group Activity --- Answer the following questions: What would you like to achieve with a clicker question during the lecture? Why do you need the feedback from your students for this purpose? Why are clickers the method of choice for this purpose?

4. Writing Good Clicker Questions Important Considerations What role should testing play in the learning process? How can tests create a real dialogue between ourselves and our students about what students do and do not understand? How can we avoid using tests to simply punish or reward cramming? http://tep.uoregon.edu/resources/assessment/multiplechoicequestions/importantconsider.html

5. Writing Good Clicker Questions Some suggestions Use frequent, small quizzes and tests rather than monolithic once-or-twice per-term exams. Give students instant feedback on their performance (for example, putting the correct answers up on an overhead after all the tests are turned in). Consider allowing students to take quizzes first as individuals and then the same quiz again in groups. http://tep.uoregon.edu/resources/assessment/multiplechoicequestions/importantconsider.html

6. Developing Good Clicker Questions Note the Order of Tasks Determine the goal for your clicker question.

7. Goals of Clicker Questions check attendance assess preparedness create interest and motivation evaluate learning progress promote conceptual understanding advance critical thinking

8. Taxonomy of Clicker Utilization 6 basic categories –3 categories to test the current standing or stipulation of students Attendance Preparedness Interest –3 categories to probe into the learning progress Learning Understanding Applying J. Chem. Educ. 85 (2008) 1400 – 1405

9. Developing Good Clicker Questions Note the Order of Tasks Determine the goal for your clicker question. Find an appropriate task (icebreaker, numerical calculation, discussion problem, new application, etc.) to fulfill the goal.

10. x ≥ 0 is valid for – 3 (x – 4 ) = x + 4 1.True 2.False – 3x + 12 = x + 4  – 4x = – 8  x = 2 (t) – 3x – 12 = x + 4  – 4x = 16  x = – 4 (f) – 3x + 4 = x + 4  – 4x = 0  x = 0 (t) – 3x – 4 = x + 4  – 4x = 8  x = – 2 (f) Question should be: x > 0 is valid for – 3 (x – 4 ) = x + 4

11. Developing Good Clicker Questions Note the Order of Tasks Determine the goal for your clicker question. Find an appropriate task (icebreaker, numerical calculation, discussion problem, new application, etc.) to fulfill the goal. Check the correct answer. If multiple choice, find qualified distracters?

12. Writing Good Clicker Questions --- Group Activity --- Develop a good clicker question!

13. Many of us know the historic town of Washington, MO. Which other name refers to a town in Missouri? 1.Pittsburg 2.Philadelphia 3.Nashville 4.Cleveland 5.Denver 6.Knoxville 7.Miami 8.Houston All answers are correct! Goal: attendance, icebreaker, letting students know discussing issues in class is ok.

14. In twenty years, my car will be fueled by … 1.gasoline 2.electricity 3.hydrogen 4.diesel 5.biodiesel 6.ethanol 7.banana peels 8.saltwater 9.none of the above Goal: discussion on potentially controversial issue

15. Are you really testing learning? The true shape of the Earth is best described as a 1.… perfect sphere 2.… perfect ellipse 3.… slightly oblate sphere 4.… highly eccentric ellipse Nothing is ever “perfect” or “highly eccentric”

16. A density of 2.25 g/mL results when 2.25 g of material occupy a volume of 1.00 mL. What mass of the same material will occupy a volume of 3.00 mL? Enter your result correctly rounded off to 3 significant digits. 666.75 350.75 22.25 16.78 13.00

17. Is a concept understood? At which location would an observer find the greatest force due to Earth's gravity? Deferred multiple choice question: Students discuss or solve without seeing choices!

18. Is a concept understood? At which location would an observer find the greatest force due to Earth's gravity? 20 1.The center of the earth 2.The middle of everywhere 3.The north pole 4.The tropic of Cancer (23.5 N) 5.The equator

19. How confident are you that your answer was correct? 1.Absolutely sure 2.Very confident 3.Confident 4.Not very confident 5.Not sure at all Goal: surveying confidence level

20. To facilitate the conversion of H 2 S 2 O 8 to yield S 2 H 4, you must add as a key reactant … 1.… a strong acid. 2.… a weak acid. 3.… a base. 4.… an oxidizing reactant. 5.… a reducing agent. 6.… a polar solvent. 7.… a non-polar solvent. 8.… nothing (the reaction will occur by itself). Goal: mastery of concepts, application, synthesis

21. Summary Clickers are found in many highschool, college, and university classrooms They provide more than just immediate feedback to instructor and students Six basic ways of utilizing the power of clickers Attendance Preparedness Initial interest and motivation On-the-spot assessment (formative assessment) Active learning (peer discussion and instruction) Problem-based, deep learning (mastery of concepts, applications to real-world, or open-ended problems)