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Definitions Atom: smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element. Compound: A pure substance that can be broken.

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Presentation on theme: "Definitions Atom: smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element. Compound: A pure substance that can be broken."— Presentation transcript:

1 Definitions Atom: smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element. Compound: A pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means Molecule: group of two or more atoms that function as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together

2 MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS All atoms are nonmetals Electrons are shared to form a bond IONIC COMPOUNDS Metal and a non metal Electrons are transferred to form cations and anions

3 Ionic vs molecular compounds

4 Molecular or Covalent bond Valence Electrons are shared

5 Homonuclear molecules (diatoms)and Heteronuclear molecules(polyatomic molecules)

6 Homonuclear molecules HONFIBrCl I never fly high over brown clouds

7 Molecule is the smallest particle of a compound capable of a stable, independent existence Phosphorus exists in a stable form of P-P-P-P Sulfur exists in a stable form of S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S What would be an easier way to write these symbols?

8 Compounds H 2 O # H ____, # O ___ C 6 H 12 O 6 # C______, # H _____, # O____ Mg(OH) 2 # Mg_____, # H_____, # O____ Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 10 2 H 2 O #H in each molecule? _____________

9 Tell whether the following have ionic or covalent bonds CaCl 2 MgO CO 2 NH 4 Cl H 2 O HCl BaSO 4 KI K 2 O NaOH NaF NO 2 Na 2 CO 3 AlPO 4 CH 4 FeCl 3 SO 2 P 2 O 5 LiBr N 2 O 5

10 Naming Molecular compounds Binary compounds (not hydrocarbons) Two nonmetals Shared electrons Name ends in ide No ions formed Use Greek prefixes Mono*, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

11 Naming molecular compounds formulaname P2O5P2O5 Dinitrogen trioxide NO Sulfur trioxide PI 3 SCl 6 Silicon dioxide

12 Lewis structures Atoms combine to form molecules so they will have lower energy Using only valence electrons try and give each atom a complete valence shell (complete octet except Hydrogen) Then try and give them the number of bonds they want : called covalency

13 Lewis structures group 1 simple structures FormulaLewis structure NH 3 H2OH2O N2H4N2H4 CH 4 O PF 3

14 Lewis structures group 2: polyatomic ions formulaLewis structure OH- NH 4 + NO 3 -

15 Lewis structures group 3: multiple bonds FormulaLewis structure H 2 CO HCN CO CO 2

16 Molecular geometry is not shown by Lewis structures

17 VSEPR Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

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25 Give the molecular geometry and bond angles of each structure


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