1. If Every Child has their own laptop, what are the implications for the New Face of Education? Bruce Dixon & Sean Tierney School of the Future Summit, Helsinki, Finland

2. A vision of learning built around a very powerful idea... “More and more I was thinking of the computer not just as hardware and software but as a medium through which you could communicate important things. ….an instrument whose music is ideas. The best thing a teacher can do is to set up the best conditions for each kid to learn. Once you have that, then the computer can help immeasurably. Conversely, just putting computers in the schools without creating a rich learning environment is useless -- worse than useless!” http://www.honco.net/os/kay.html

3. eLearning Environments 21 st Century Learning Ingredients TechnologyConnectivity Professional Development Digital Curriculum Improved Learning Methods

4. Technology Connectivity Professional Development Improved Learning Methods Digital Curriculum Professional Development Connectivity Improved Learning Methods eLearning Ingredients Tec hno logy

5. Basic ICT PC Labs Classroom eLearning 1:1 eLearning Technology Connectivity Professional Development Improved Learning Methods Digital Curriculum > 25:1 Broad, fast coverage (WiFi, WiMAX) Lab instructor only Student-centred learning Complete digital curriculum integration ~ 10:1 Computers-on-wheels or shared desktops (~ 5:1) Laptops (1:1) Wireless in classroom Dialup More people, deeper instruction Most people, thorough instruction Project-based learning Group collaboration Some digital curriculum integration Focus on learning PCs Wired, lab only Learning Value eLearning Environments

6. Why consider One-to-One?  Equity-Narrows the Digital Divide?  Economic-budget imperatives?  Unlocks the possibility of personalised learning?  Improves assessment alternatives?  Provides opportunity for textbook replacement?  Marketing-competitive advantage?  Expanded pedagogical opportunities?  Research on the impact on learning?  Offers 21 st Century Learning opportunities -extends formal learning communities and expand global communication and collaboration, and develop creative expression..offering more compelling learning experiences for all students.

7. ..build equity not inequality! Where will the funding come? …every student with their own laptop..why not? A one-to-one initiative A simple idea that just might work! Why is it important for each child to have a computer? What's wrong with community-access centers? “One does not think of community pencils— kids have their own. They are tools to think with, sufficiently inexpensive to be used for work and play, drawing, writing, and mathematics. A computer can be the same, but far more powerful. ….and these belongings will be well-maintained through love and care.” Nicholas Negroponte 2005 How can we make it happen?

8. Learning will not take place only inside schools and colleges, but in communities, workplaces and families. The shift to thinking about learning beyond the classroom requires a shift in our thinking about the fundamental organizational unit of education…from the school, an institution where learning is organized, defined and contained… …to the learner, an intelligent agent with the potential to learn from any and all of her encounters with the world around her. Tom Bentley, 1998 a shift in focus..

9. Assists in creating collaborative learning communities connected in unique and exciting ways. Allows us to build compelling models for using technology to improve the learning experiences of students. Allows us to explore new directions and more challenging and rigorous concepts: Integrates a range of teaching tools providing an effective learning support and accountability framework Allows us to offer true differentiated instruction to individual students, to teach one student, at a time, and provide a more effective, powerful learning experience for all. Transformative Teaching & Learning… 44

10. Rethinking learning in a Digital Age Digital Fluency and the fluency gap: To be truly fluent in a foreign language, you must be able to articulate a complex idea or tell an engaging story; in other words, you must be able to “make things” with language. Analogously, being digitally fluent involves not only knowing how to use technological tools, but also knowing how to construct things of significance with those tools Papert and Resnick 1995 30

11. A different view of the nature of learning Anyone can now learn anytime, throughout their life Anyone can now learn anywhere, wherever one has access to the Internet Anyone can now learn anyhow, in tacit, non-formal and formal ways So, learning need not, and perhaps even should not, be concentrated in a given period of life (school age) and in a particular place (the school) nor ought it to be “standardized”, “one size fits all” 19

12. What does the research tells us about how technology enables improved learning opportunities for our students?…

13. What the research tells us… Student attendance increases and students are more motivated and more engaged (Russell, 2004, New Brunswick, 2004- 06) Students write more, more often and better. (Silvernail, 2004, Warschauer, 2005 ) Overall improvement in test scores (New Brunswick, 2004-06 +) Students engagement in critical thinking, problem-solving, and higher-order thinking on a task increased with 1-to-1 students; more willing to address/assess controversy within an assignment (Rockman, 1998)

14. Increase in 21st century learning skills – including multimedia engagement, greater quality/quantity of writing, multiple/deeper investigation of information ( Warschauer, 2005) Motivation, engagement, independent work, interaction, and class preparation/participation of students with disabilities improved (Harris, 2004) Access to a laptop for teachers and their students often forced a change in teachers’ level of risk and openness to learning (Rockman, 1997) As digital confidence grows, and teachers are more ambitious… More students are accessing more mathematics in deeper ways. Students explore new dimensions of accessing new knowledge Students are more engaged in in-depth research ( Warschauer, 2004) What the research also tells us…

15. Teachers perceive that students exhibit a range of learning behaviors that are better because of the laptops (Silvernail, 2004) There is a greater level of effective delivery to students with special needs and individualized learning programs. (New Brunswick, 2004-06) There is a statistically significant change towards a constructivist teaching practice; teachers indicated the laptops were important in making these changes (Rockman, 2000) Teachers’ attitudes and beliefs significantly affect implementation and success (Penuel, 2005) What the research tells also us…

16. The research we (very much) look forward to… More evidence of how 21 st Century/digital pedagogy will improve learning outcomes for all students What attributes of leadership best enable the development of a contemporary learning culture within a school What is Assessment 2.0 ? -new metrics for learning that better reflect the needs of the 21 st Century. Detail on the most effective programs that build significant change in teaching practice …and, just how far student’s learning can go… when they are given the Freedom to Learn!

17. To build a one-to-one program that is sustainable, replicable and scalable, we need to… Build a shared vision Develop a coherent strategy to deliver on those goals Set clear expectations for everyone Monitor effective execution So how might we fund it?

18. Build a strategy around.. development of an effective implementation model sustaining broad community support re-imagining curriculum opportunities and promote innovative pedagogy associated professional development software issues challenge us to look for more appropriate and effective means of assessment. project management - policies & procedures finance options & insurance infrastructure planning security & storage management of ongoing service & support program logistics management - vendors classroom management issues and policies

19. Implementation considerations.. Implementation models… by school? by class? by grade level? by multiple grades? eg Years 7 & 9 by subject pilot vs. expanded program What does a pilot mean? mixed classrooms or laptop-only classrooms? Equity Support… optional vs. mandatory? Free/Reduced benchmark for affordability? To what level? Single or multiple model options? Sources of equity support funds?

20. Back to the Basics Sydney Morning Herald, 2005 20

21. Build a strategy around.. development of an effective implementation model sustaining broad community support re-imagining curriculum opportunities and promote innovative pedagogy associated professional development software issues challenge us to look for more appropriate and effective means of assessment. project management - policies & procedures finance options & insurance infrastructure planning security & storage management of ongoing service & support program logistics management - vendors classroom management issues and policies

22. Building Broad Community Support Develop a Community communications strategy Staff & students Parents Broader business and civic community Be specific and detailed about key issues Set realistic expectations from the outset -underpromise and overdeliver Be proactive and totally transparent at all times Educate and inform around all issues, ideas and challenges Celebrate successes frequently and publicly

23. offer extensive opportunities to significantly address learner diversity. promote new dimensions of pedagogical innovation. give us a platform to better understand teaching effectiveness and efficiency. challenge us to look for more appropriate and effective means of assessment. allow us to re-imagine curriculum and what it might mean for the 21 st Century learner. A technology-rich learning environment should..

24. ..how do you reward innovation? Developing curiosity amongst faculty What does it actually look like? …at the very heart of leadership strategy. Promoting Innovative Pedagogy where to start, and how to scale… What are the implications for school leaders ? How do you allow for the necessary risk-taking? What can you do to build an innovative culture within your school or District?

25. Questions you might ask… What would you like to “let go of”… and how can you make that possible? How might you explore difficult concepts more easily in a connected learning environment? What changes will you have to encourage in your teacher’s teaching practice to maximize the benefit to your students ?

26. 38

27. Re-imagine Curriculum Allows us to explore new directions and more challenging and rigorous concepts: To determine which content is rooted in a medium of the past, and how that can be translated to a more relevant and authentic learning experience appropriate to students in the 21st Century.. Assists in creating collaborative learning communities connected in unique and exciting ways. Allows us to offer true differentiated learning opportunities to individual students, to teach one student, at a time, and provide a more effective, powerful learning experience for all. Integrates a range of teaching tools providing an effective learning support and accountability framework Allows us to build compelling models for using technology to improve the learning opportunities for students.

28. Infrastructure planning should… constantly refer to your learning objectives designing your best environment set a high bar for acceptable performance-a different order of magnitude: clear expectations. prerequisite, preferred and optional integrate tightly into implementation schedule

29. Service and support management considerations… Student helpers who is responsible for support, and to what level? what can be reasonably handled in-house vs outsourced hardware…warranty, insurance software...helpdesk, outsourcing how is the support cost going to be covered?

30. Software considerations... build on your curriculum objectives tools, not ‘software du jour’ …keep it simple to start licensing, costing & compatibility some fundamentals..virus, etc common applications used across the curriculum specialist areas backup, upgrades & the value of SoE

31. Issues, Policies and Practice include… Usage policies on laptops..games on the internet…pornography etc Role of textbooks?? Communication-how much? Attention..getting it! The Good, the Bad and the Truth about Web 2.0…MYSPACE, YOUTUBE, IM, blogging, podcasting, webcasting etc etc

32. To build a one-to-one program that is sustainable, replicable and scalable, we need to… Build a shared vision Develop a coherent strategy to deliver on those goals Set clear expectations for everyone Monitor effective execution So how might we fund it?

33. Why 1-to-1? Increased student engagement Enables anywhere, anytime continuous learning Allows new forms of assessment Models the real world Internationally competitive Proven impact on student learning

34. “Our school wants to start a student laptop program.. Which ones should we get?” Standard Question 1

35. What data do you have that will help us convince the staff / admin we need a laptop program? Standard Question 2

36. What do you mean “What is our VISION for our student laptop program?” Standard question 3

37. May 4, 2007 Seeing No Progress, Some Schools Drop Laptops Scores of the leased laptops break down each month, and every other morning, when the entire school has study hall, the network inevitably freezes because of the sheer number of students roaming the Internet instead of getting help from teachers. So the Liverpool Central School District, just outside Syracuse, has decided to phase out laptops starting this fall, joining a handful of other schools around the country that adopted one-to-one computing programs and are now abandoning them as educationally empty — and worse. “After seven years, there was literally no evidence it had any impact on student achievement — none,” said Mark Lawson, the school board president here in Liverpool “Yet school officials here and in several other places said laptops got in the way because they did not fit into lesson plans” “a survey of district teachers and parents found that one-fifth of Matoaca students rarely or never used their laptops for learning..” “I feel like I was ripped off,” said Richard Ferrante, explaining that his son, Peter, used his laptop to become a master at the Super Mario Brothers video game. “But it is less clear whether one-to-one computing has improved academic performance — as measured through standardized test scores and grades..” “If the goal is to get kids up to basic standard levels, then maybe laptops are not the tool. But if the goal is to create the George Lucas and Steve Jobs of the future, then laptops are extremely useful.”Steve Jobs “Let’s face it, math is for the most part still a paper-and-pencil activity when you’re learning it,”

38. Components of a successful 1-to-1 initiative

39. Components of a successful 1-to-1:

41. School Readiness: Consider:  Technical Support  Network Storage  Connectivity  Wireless Access  Power Supply  Security  Physical Security  Learning Environment  Staff Readiness  Parental Support  Community Support  Leadership Support

42. Baseline Project Plan:  What is a realistic, manageable timeline?  How are the project tasks divided?  How will change be managed?  What are the project priorities?  What is the communication strategy?  What are the policies & procedures to be defined?

43. Baseline Project Plan:

44. Baseline Project Plan

45. Components of a successful 1-to-1:

46. Pedagogical Reform: An ongoing Process involving structured Professional Development around:  Re-Imagine Curriculum Opportunities  Examining new learning possibilities enabled by technology  How to model and replicate best practice  Exploring new forms of assessment  How technology can enable constructivist learning  What new benchmarks can be set

47. Components of a successful 1-to-1:

48. Technology for Teachers:  Underpinned by structured Professional Development  Teachers need to be comfortable with the technology prior to students having devices  Improves teacher professional productivity  Enables development of 21 st century learning resources

49. Basic Software Issues: Set curriculum objectives, then find software tools to match Licensing: MEA, Virus Protection, System Licenses Imaging (Ghosting), Upgrade Management, SOE, compatibility Cohort specific requirements Software Registry External Software Policy

50. Supporting Technology :

51. Components of a successful 1-to-1:

52. Student Laptop Deployment: Implementation Models Timetabling (mixed classes / laptop only classes) Whole of School Implementation Phased Implementation (by grade or class) e.g. Year 7 and 9 Device Registry / Delivery / Timing External Software Policy Purchasing Models (Consider software licensing, equity etc.)

53. Supportive Policies: Examples Games / Chat Security / Storage (lunch time, sport, after school etc.) Service / Support (pricing & limitations) Flat batteries / Swap-out batteries Backup / recovery Device Flexibility / Options Role of Parents / Mandatory training?

54. Other considerations:  Selecting a device fit for purpose (PSA v local relationships)  How are the project tasks divided?  What is the professional development plan?  Insurance regulations  What is the communication strategy?  What are the policies & procedures to be defined?

55. Communication Strategy:  Set realistic expectations  Provide information / education to all stakeholders  Involve parents, staff, students, P&C / P&F and broader community in planning stages  Be transparent  Proactively celebrate successes

56. Summary 1. Recognize that digitalizing a didactic approach to learning is NOT the answer: Technology is NOT a replacement for textbooks 2. Consider technology as a TOOL for bringing about desirable attributes of learning: Independent, self directed learning Higher-level critical thinking Problem Solving Collaboration / teamwork Modelling the world the students are inheriting 3. Get it right..

57. Within 5 - 7 years, conventional whiteboards and blackboards will be more expensive than high definition interactive screens per square inch “Everex is offering its full-featured PC in Wal-Mart stores for US$298..” “One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) student laptop aiming for $100 price point” “Classmate PC (Intel’s $300 laptop) launched in Australia in August..” Financing 1-to-1

58. One-to-One Funding Equity Core Principles Funding should ensure all students can participate Everyone who benefits should make some contribution Funding should be structured to ensure it can be sustained indefinitely Laptop funding must be supported by a commitment to professional development

59. A unique funding option… Networked Fluid Participatory P&C Foundation School Family Shared Cost Model …that is sustainable, replicable and scalable.

60. Start with some assumptions…. Student laptop $850 Bag $50 3 years insurance $150 Total Cost $1100 Over 3 years $32/month Software * $50

61. A unique funding option… Networked Fluid Participatory P&C Foundation -50%- $15.99 School- 5%-$1.60 Family-45%$14.40 Shared Cost Model $32/month …and this is sustainable, replicable and scalable…every child can benefit.

62. An alternative…. Intel Classmate $450 Bag* $30 3 years insurance $70 Total Cost $600 Over 3 years $17/month Software * $50

63. A unique funding option… Networked Fluid Participatory P&C Foundation -50%- $8.70 School-10%-$0.87 Family-45%-$7.85 Shared Cost Model $17.45 month …and this is sustainable, replicable and scalable…every child can benefit.every

64. The unconnected classroom / learner during school time occasional expert visits teachers school community occasional class excursions school library mobiles, phones, fax machines, TV, video snail mail

65. writers Primary sources experts organisations people’s experience collective thinking peers original artefacts and documents mobiles, phones, WAP, VOIP, PDAs, tablets, desktop, laptop, future technologies MOO chat forum wikis blogs LMS CMS podcast data/tele/video conferencing messaging email & listservs video cast/streaming webcasts meeting tools web authoring Secondary sources websites learning communities all teachers Unis/Colleges world libraries and museums digital repositories RSS feeds speakers any school The connected learner any where ~ any time ~ in time common interest groups networks commercial companies world news collaborative projects action learning groups global groups online learning learning objects world events original photos, images, video, audio original works Carr 2006

66. Access for students within and outside their classrooms and their schools. Minimal access costs built into the computing costs ? eg $4-5 per month for unlimited* access anywhere in the District Opportunity for cost recovery through universal student contribution and extended access for business. An emerging business model that should have applicability to other schools across the State and beyond. Creating a district-wide wireless broadband could mean…

67. www.aalf.org

68. Questions to explore: If you could access any information you wanted regarding your students, what would be the most valuable? In what form would it be most valuable? How do you feel about teaching more “transparently”? How would your teaching practice change as a result of enriched teacher insight? What administrative functions would you rather not have to do? Enriching Teacher Insight…

69. Discussion outline 1.Three typical questions 2.The 1-to-1 argument 3.An international Perspective 4.The components of 1-to-1

70. Why 1-to-1?

71. Students come to school equipped to learn on many levels, using multiple pathways and drawing on multiple intelligences,..but today’s curricula do not meet their needs, and too often school is the least engaging part of a student’s day. - A Global Imperative, The Report of the 21 st Century Literacy Summit

72. Why 1-to-1? Schools do their students a disservice when they fail to teach literacy in the expressive new language that their students have already begun to use before they even arrive - Prensky (2005)

73. The blackboard has been the most influential piece of technology innovation in the history of education, including paper, the internet, anything.. Why 1-to-1?

74. Within 5 - 7 years, conventional whiteboards and blackboards will be more expensive than high definition interactive screens per square inch Why 1-to-1?

75. Worth Noting…. Richard Elmore’s book “School Reform from the Inside Out: Policy, Practice and Performance.” Harvard Education Press. SchoolKit www.schoolkit.com Drexel’s podcast … http://showme.physics.drexel.edu/bradley/DrexelCoAS034- Villanova.html Will Richardson’s book Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms. Bob Johnstone’s book “I Have Computers in My Classroom-Now What?” both from Amazon David Nettelbeck’s book “Computers, Thinking and Learning” from http://www.ebooks.com John Bransford et al’s books “How People learn”, “How Students Learn”, and “Preparing Teachers for a Changing World: What Teachers Should Learn and Be Able to Do”. and make sure you sign up as an institutional member of www.aalf.org

76. What change in learning and educational practice might you expect to see as result of every child having a laptop computer?