1. Centripetal Democratic Governance: A theory and Global Inguiry Gerring J., Thacker S, Moreno C. Yılmaz Topuz

2. Outline Background Information : What is Centralism, Decentralism, Centripetalism? Conceptualization, Empricial Tests, Research Design Results and Critique Discussion

3. Centralism, Decentralism and Centripetalism Centralism: - Centralization of power - Founder: Hobbes - Westminister System presuming good governance would be provided by power transfer to single centre. Decentralism: - Decentralization of Power - Founder: Montesquieu - American Polity supporting the seperation of power among multiple independent bodies - Checks and Balances

4. CENTRIPETALISM On the contrary to the theory of decentralism, good governance is associated with centralized power. Reconciliation between centralized authority and broad inclusion. - Inclusive: All interests, ideas and identities - Authoritative: Providing and agreement and implementing that agreement. The power of authority is persuasive, not coercive: Bringing together diverse groups and perspectives to solve political conflicts.

5. Dimensions of Centripetalism

6. Conceptualization Measurement Levels : Ordering Scheme - 0 = federal, 1= semi federal, 2= nonfederal - 0= presidential, 1= semipresidential, 2= parliamentary - 0=majoritarian, 1= mixed-member majority, 2 = closed list Proportional Representation(PR) Scope condition: Democracy

7. The critique: The definition of Democracy -“Minimum threshold of democracy” My suggestion : Procedural minimum for Democracy ( Collier and Levitsky, 1997) - “Fully contested elections with full suffrage and absensce of massive fraud combined with - Effective guarantees of civil liberties including freedom of speech, assembly and association”

10. Results The model is statistically significant. The author finds a strong support with centripetal form of government on all 8 dependent variables However, if there are too many cases and observations, the significance of some cases is ruled out !!!

12. Unitarism Unitarism Political Stability Do you think that political stability is a measurement for good governance?