2. The Fumigation Monitor Company Integrated Fumigation Monitoring &Web Based Data Acquisition Methyl Bromide & Alternatives Conference Surabaya, Indonesia PART 1 of 2

3. History of Fumigation Gas Monitors form Spectros Instruments YearFumigation GasDevelopment Partners 1996 Ethylene Oxide Johnson & Johnson 1998PhosphineLorillard; RJR 2004Sulfuryl FluorideDow Chemical 2005Methyl BromideUSDA APPROVED 2009EthanedinitrileLinde

4. Fumigation Gas Monitors Methyl Bromide Delivered Phosphine Sulfuryl Fluoride Ethanedinitrile (Cyanogen) Ethylene Oxide Ethyl Formate Evaluated Hydrocyanic Acid Formaldehyde Ethyl Formate MITC Dichloroprene Propylene Oxide Methyl Iodide Chloropicrin

5. Fumigant Infrared Spectra: Unique “Fingerprint” for Real Answers PH3 SO2F2 CH3Br CO2

6. How Does Spectros Instrument’s Measure Concentrations?  A= Absorbance  =log(Io/I)   = Absorptivity  Is a constant  L = Pathlength  Is a constant  C = Concentration  Solve for this Beer’s Law A=  LC Absorbance Optical Filter Absolute Laws of Physics

7. Other Monitors’ Sensors contact gas=Consumed=Short Life Our Advantage: Years of Continuous Use Spectros Sensor =NO GAS CONTACT=Long Life There are no moving parts.

8. Dosage is not concentration Quality of fumigation product i.e. phosphine tablets No reaction is 100% quantitative conversion Leakage from the structure…IS IT SEALED? Sorption of gas from free space onto product Why Monitor a Fumigation?

9. Fumigation Monitors for ISPM-15 Wood Packaging Materials Multiple Presentations Rome, Italy United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization

10. Conclusion: ISPM15 (I)nternational (S)tandards for (P)hytosanitary (M)easures #15. International Plant Protection Convention, a part of the United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization. “If you are not monitoring you are not fumigating”

11. Why Are ALL Fumigation Gas Measurements Wrong Unless they Have Pressure, Temperature & Flow Correction?

12.  Different Temp and Pressure on Day of Calibration Vs. Day of USE? a 1% error is observed for every 3C uncorrected temperature change a fixed error of 1% for every 7.6 mm change in pressure Errors can easily be 4 g/M 3 which is 7% in a 55g/M 3 fumigation.  Fumiscope and other thermoconductivity monitors will register at least a 12 g/M 3 FALSE response for every 1% of CO2 present. Reading of higher levels than actually present leads to under-dosage  Pump draw rates change sample pressures which changes sample density. Different sample line lengths change pump pressure changing gas density Easy to Get 20-25% Total Error with Other Monitors

13. Monitor Platform Unmatched Accuracy Long Life Use Modular Design Rugged Construction Simple Operation Maximum Flexibility Total Reliability FAST PAY-BACK

14. Standards Supported

15. Certified Calibration Verification Online/Remotely

16. Diagnostic Screen IR detector output, volts Sample concentration, in IR detector (Bench) System temperatures System pressures Zone length > Active zone, purge, or press. check > IR measurement units > Detector noise figure > Change since last P check Modbus packet traffic appears here, when RS485 is enabled and active. Concentration at ambient P&T and STP Change since last re-zero Initiate Purge cycle Switch to next zone Toggle pump on/off Clear Modbus data Press to store current as zero Exit Diag screen Current fault code (Flagged with “F”) Concentration correction due to temperature Detector comp since last zero 400 Series

17. Spectros Instruments’ Monitors are calibrated to absolute laws of physics PV=nRT (Validate Any Time) with precise molar concentrations and compensate for ambient Pressure, Gas Flow &Temperature with onboard sensors.

18. Phosphine PH3

19. Electrochemical Sensor Chemical Reaction PH 3 +4H20  H 3 PO 4 +8H + +8e - Sensor is Consumed Cross sensitivity to other gases.Typical interferences include CO ; H2 ; SO2 ; H2S ; CO2

21. In-Transit Fumigations

22. Alarm

23. NEW Handheld Phosphine Monitor Up to 5000PPM Reading NDIR Based Onboard Data Storage Unmatched Accuracy NDIR Technology Long Life Use Price Competitive

24. Low Level Phosphine Fixed Installations

25. Thank You Dennis Glennon Ph.D. Chief Technology Officer Spectros Instruments, Inc. 17D Airport Road Hopedale, MA USA Office 508.478.1648 Direct 508.579.6301 dglennon@spectrosinstruments.com