2. The cause and effect essay explains the reasons of the event or interprets the consequences of the event. A cause/effect essay explains... why earthquakes happen and what the consequences are; what happens to a child after parents divorce. A cause and effect essay answers the question why. It shows how one event brought about another. Cause and effect relationships are useful in writing that is meant to inform, to explain, or persuade

3. You may open your essay with a well-known outcome or situation and study what caused such a result. Another way of starting such an essay is to describe some event and then analyze its consequences. Many students find difficulty in differentiating cause and effect. If you want to define the cause of something, ask yourself “why”. Ask yourself “what” and you will determine the effect.

4. The preparatory stage of writing this essay suggests your determining causes and effects. There may be too many causes for you to cover in your essay and you are to choose the main for presenting them in the scope of your writing. You should explain to the reader that there are some other minor reasons not covered in your essay.

5. It is important to decide whether you are writing to inform or to persuade the reader and accordingly choose your writing style. We advise you to concentrate only on the most recent and direct causes (effects). Using supporting information will strengthen your essay. Feel free to provide the reader with facts, give examples. You may finish your cause and effect essay with a call for action.

6. WHEN YOU WRITE CAUSE AND EFFECT PAPERS: 1.State both cause and effect as clearly as you can. 2.Be sure to show how the cause and the effect are related. 3.You can use words that express cause and effect, such as why, when, because, as a result, so, and therefore.

7. Follow these steps when writing a cause and effect essay 1.Distinguish between cause and effect. To determine causes, ask, "Why did this happen?" To identify effects, ask, "What happened because of this?" The following is an example of one cause producing one effect: Cause You are out of gas. Effect Your car won't start. Sometimes, many causes contribute to a single effect or many effects may result from a single cause.

8. Causes: liked business in high school salaries in the field are high have an aunt who is an accountant am good with numbers Effect: choose to major in accounting Cause: reduce work hours Effects: less income employer is irritated more time to study more time for family and friends

9. 2. Develop your thesis statement. State clearly whether you are discussing causes, effects, or both. Introduce your main idea, using the terms "cause" and/or "effect."

10. 3. Find and organize supporting details. Back up your thesis with relevant and sufficient details that are organized. You can organize details in the following ways: Chronological. Details are arranged in the order in which the events occurred. Order of importance. Details are arranged from least to most important or vice versa. Categorical. Details are arranged by dividing the topic into parts or categories.

11. 4. Use appropriate transitions. To blend details smoothly in cause and effect essays, use the transitional words and phrases listed below. For causes: because, due to, on cause is, another is, since, for, first, second For Effects: consequently, as a result, thus, resulted in, one result is, another is, therefore

12. When writing your essay, keep the following suggestions in mind: Remember your purpose. Decide if your are writing to inform or persuade. Focus on immediate and direct causes (or effects.) Limit yourself to causes that are close in time and related, as opposed to remote and indirect causes, which occur later and are related indirectly. Strengthen your essay by using supporting evidence. Define terms, offer facts and statistics, or provide examples, anecdotes, or personal observations that support your ideas. Qualify or limit your statements about cause and effect. Unless there is clear evidence that one event is related to another, qualify your statements with phrases such as "It appears that the cause was" or "It seems likely" or "The evidence may indicate" or "Available evidence suggests."

13. To evaluate the effectiveness of a cause and effect essay, ask the following questions: What are the causes? What are the effects? Which should be emphasized? Are there single or multiple causes? Single or multiple effects? Is a chain reaction involved?

14. A cause makes a thing happen; an effect is what results when that thing happens. If you brush your teeth and your teeth get whiter, then brushing is the cause and whitening is the effect. A cause-and-effect paragraph helps a reader understand why things happen: the weakening of the ozone layer, the war in Vietnam, the spike in teenage obesity. RECAP

15. In New York City, fifty percent of all public school teachers leave the profession within their first five years on the job. While the teachers union and some politicos have charged that the high attrition rate is due to the salary gap between city teachers and their brethren in the suburbs, the real problem is student behavior. There are approximately 1.1 million public school students, and many of them, especially those in poor neighborhoods, have family problems that make it hard for them to sit still for five hours a day. These students may come from homes with no books, where TV sets blare all day, where no parent or older sibling has a college degree, where generations of kids have found the world of academics foreign, frustrating, and fruitless. Because many of these students cannot read a menu or calculate two-digit addition problems, they find long hours in the classroom tortuous. And while classrooms can absorb one or two of these kids—that is, the teacher can teach with a minimum of disruption—classrooms with four or more problem students reach a critical mass. The bad kids tip the good kids, and the simplest lesson becomes a test of wills between teacher and student. Only the most patient, most gifted teacher can endure more than a couple of years of these daily battles. If she wants to keep teaching, she flees for greener pastures —schools like Bronx Science, Stuyvesant, Midwood—or a school in Westchester. The result is alarming: perhaps half of the city’s 1000 schools have green-horn teachers with only a few years experience. Many of these novices don’t know their subjects and don’t know how to control a room filled with difficult kids. Many soon find non- teaching jobs. As a result, the teaching profession, at least the way it’s practiced in New York City, becomes a form of slumming, or something to do until you grow up— like the Peace Corps or the army.

16. Choose one of the following topics and write a cause and effect paragraph: -Why is Paris Hilton, someone with minimal talent and iffy looks, so popular? - What is one cause of weight gain? - Why do women, despite their frequent denials, love macho men? - Why is it preferable (or silly) to marry someone of your own ethnicity or religion? - Why hasn’t soccer, the world’s most popular sport, caught on in Canada? - How does smoking marijuana affect your mental or physical health? - Why does flattery work, even when the person being flattered knows you are a lying liar? - Why do men and women cheat? - Although it is fake, why is professional wrestling so popular? - Choose your own topic.

17. INTRODUCTION IDEA #3 SUPPORTING DETAILS IDEA #2 SUPPORTING DETAILS IDEA 3 IDEA 2 CONCLUSION IDEA 1 IDEA #1 SUPPORTING DETAILS http://www.readwritethink.org/materials/essaymap/