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Adjectives and Adverbs
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Adjectives An adjective is a word that modifies, or describes, a noun or a pronoun. A heavy rainstorm soaked the campsite. Heavy is an adjective. It describes the rainstorm. Adjectives help you see, feel, taste, hear, and smell all the experiences you read about. Adjectives answer the questions what kind, which one, how many, and how much.
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Adjectives What kind? Which one(s)? How many or how much?
Green backpack, sturdy tent, spicy stew Which one(s)? Last hamburger, third hike, every lantern How many or how much? Two flashlights, many insects, little moonlight
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Articles as adjectives
The most commonly used adjectives are the articles a, an, and the. A candle, an elephant, the trail Remember! Use a before a singular word beginning with a consonant sound. Use an with a singular word beginning with a vowel sound.
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Proper Adjectives Many adjectives are formed from common nouns.
Some are formed by proper nouns. Nouns Adjectives Rain Rainy Scene Scenic Beauty beautiful Nouns Adjectives China Chinese Ireland Irish Mars Martian
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Predicate Adjectives A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the verb’s subject. The linking verb connects the predicate adjective with the subject. The volcanic eruption is violent. Is = linking verb, violent = adjective describing eruption **We have done this twice before.
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Other words as adjectives
Sometimes pronouns and nouns can be used as adjectives.
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Pronouns as Adjectives
Demonstrative Pronouns – This, that, these and those are demonstrative pronouns. They can be used as adjectives. This book was passed down from my grandmother. Possessive Pronouns – My, our, your, her, his, its, and their are possessive pronouns. They are used as adjectives. My house is brand new.
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Pronouns as Adjectives
Indefinite Pronouns – Indefinite pronouns such as all, each, both, few, most, and some can be used as adjectives. Some people love cats.
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Nouns as Adjectives Like pronouns, nouns can be used as adjectives. In the expression “mountain climber,” for example, the word mountain (normally a noun) modifies climber. Rock climbers practice indoors on winter nights.
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Adverbs An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Explorers eagerly chase adventure. Some explorers visit amazingly beautiful places. Others quite bravely explore the unknown – space.
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Adverbs Adverbs answer the questions how, when, where, or to what extent. Adverbs How? Suddenly, carefully, sadly When? Now, later, soon Where? There, up, ahead To what extent? Completely, totally, fully
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Adverbs Adverbs can appear in different positions in sentences.
The tourists boarded the bus eagerly. (after verb) The tourists eagerly boarded the bus (before verb) Eagerly, the tourists boarded the bus. (at beginning)
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Adverbs Adverbs that modify adjectives or other adverbs usually come directly before the words they modify. They usually answer the question to what extent. Marco Polo told really wonderful tales of China. People were very eager to hear his stories. They nearly always hung on every word.
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Forming Adverbs Many adverbs are formed by adding the suffix -ly to adjectives. Near becomes nearly Gentle becomes gently Easy becomes easily
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Making Comparisons Adjectives and adverbs can be used to compare people or things. Special forms of these words are used to make comparisons. Use the comparative form of an adjective or adverb when you compare a person or thing with one other person or thing. Todd is taller than Rachel. Use the superlative form of an adjective or adverb when you compare someone or something with more than one other person or thing. Todd is the tallest person in the family. However, Rachel is the most beautiful person in the family.
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Regular Forms of Comparison
For most one-syllable modifiers, ad -er to form the comparative. Add –est to form the superlative. One-Syllable Modifiers Base Form Comparative Superlative Adjectives Thin Thinner Thinnest Brave Braver Bravest Adverbs Slow Slower Slowest Soon Sooner Soonest
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Regular Forms of Comparison
Two-Syllable Modifiers Base Form Comparative Superlative Adjective Shallow Shallower Shallowest Awful More awful Most awful Adverbs Calmly More calmly Most calmly Briskly More briskly Most briskly
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Regular Forms of Comparison
Modifiers with More than Two Syllables Base Form Comparative Superlative Adjective Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful Dangerous More dangerous Most dangerous Adverb Gracefully More gracefully Most gracefully Dangerously More dangerously Most dangerously
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Irregular Forms of Comparison
The comparative and superlative forms of some adjectives and adverbs are completely different words. You don’t need to add –er or –est to an irregular comparison. Base Form Comparative Superlative Adjectives Good Better Best Bad Worse Worst Adverbs Well Much More Most Little Less Least
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Adjective or Adverb? Some pairs of adjectives and adverbs are often confused. Good and Well – Good is always an adjective. It modifies a noun or pronoun. Well is usually an adverb, modifying a verb, an adverb, or an adjective. Well is an adjective when it refers to health. Hi!! Happy b/day mrs.miller
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Adjective or Adverb? Real or Really – Real is always an adjective; it modifies a noun or pronoun. Really is always an adverb; it modifies a verb, an adverb, or an adjective. Bad and Badly – Bad is always an adjective; it modifies a noun or pronoun. Badly is always an adverb; it modifies a verb, an adverb, or an adjective.
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Avoiding Double Negatives
A negative word is a word that says “no.” Contractions that end in n’t are negative words. Remember, n’t means not. Some common negative words: barely, neither, nobody, nothing, hardly, never, none, nowhere If two negative words are used together, the result is a double negative. Avoid double negatives in speaking and writing.
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Avoiding Double Negatives
Incorrect I don’t want no pizza. Correct I don’t want any pizza. I want no pizza.
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