1. GUI Tutorial Images

2. Useful Info – not on final exam

3. Images and Icons  Image class  Abstract class – why?  Superclass of all graphical image classes  Icon interface  Represents a fixed-sized picture  Methods getIconHeight, getIconWidth, paintIcon  Can be used to decorate buttons, labels, tabbed panes  ImageIcon class  Implementation of the Icon interface  Creates an icon from a GIF, JPEG, or PNG image. *

4. Where’s the image?  Common issue: Eclipse must be able to find the images  For compatibility with jar files, store under src  How can Eclipse find the image? 1. Create images folder under the [Project]/src 2. Drag your file into Eclipse (DO NOT just copy in Windows, Eclipse won’t know about it.)

5. Need to find the image URL url = getClass().getResource("/images/sm_crazybird.gif");  URL = uniform resource locator  getClass() returns a Class object. Stores details about the class, such as methods, fields etc.  getResource(String) finds a resource with a given name. First creates absolute name of resource. If the String begins with ‘/’, absolute name is String (minus the ‘/’). Otherwise, the package name is appended to the front. In the package name,. are converted to ‘/’ (e.g. package one.two.three would be one/two/three. Important in order to match directory structure.  Toolkit - abstract superclass of all actual implementations of the Abstract Window Toolkit. Subclasses of Toolkit are used to bind the various components to particular native toolkit implementations.  Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit() – gets appropriate toolkit for this platform  Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(url) – reads gif, png or jpg pixel data, creates an Image

6. Potential Issue  Images have to be loaded from disk, can take time  Might have code to draw image on JPanel, but image isn’t loaded when app displays  Solution: MediaTracker  Create a MediaTracker object  Add image(s)  Wait for image(s) to load  Must use try/catch, in case process is interrupted

7. Put it in code public class ImagePanel extends JPanel { private Image thumbnail; public ImagePanel() { MediaTracker tracker = new MediaTracker(this); URL url = getClass().getResource("/images/crazy_cat.gif"); Image original = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(url); tracker.addImage(original, 0); try { tracker.waitForID(0); } catch (InterruptedException e) { return; } thumbnail = original.getScaledInstance(64, 64, Image.SCALE_FAST); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { int PADDING = 20; g.drawImage(thumbnail, PADDING, PADDING, 64, 64, null); } CHANGE image name as needed

8. Images and Buttons public class ButtonPanel extends JPanel { private JButton myButton; private ImageIcon myImage; public ButtonPanel() { myButton = new JButton(); URL url = getClass().getResource("/images/crazycat.gif"); myImage = new ImageIcon(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(url)); myButton.setIcon(myImage); add(myButton); }

9. Put it all together public class ImageFrame extends JFrame { public ImageFrame() { setTitle("Image Play"); setSize(180, 250); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); ImagePanel imagePanel = new ImagePanel(); add(imagePanel, BorderLayout.CENTER); ButtonPanel buttonPanel = new ButtonPanel(); add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); } public static void main(String[] args) { // Puts GUI on regular event queue, will update as soon as possible SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { ImageFrame frame = new ImageFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); } }); }

10. Quick Info: Threads  Threads are covered in detail in CSCI400 and CSCI442  For now, it’s good to know that there are potentially 3 threads:  Initial threads, the threads that execute initial application code. The main method runs in this thread  The event dispatch thread, where all event-handling code is executed. Most code that interacts with the Swing framework must also execute on this thread.  Worker threads, also known as background threads, where time- consuming background tasks are executed. We won’t deal with these. http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/concurrency/index.html

11. Correct way to start a GUI public static void main(String[] args) { SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { ImageFrame frame = new ImageFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); } }); } http://javarevisited.blogspot.com/2011/09/invokeandwait-invokelater-swing-example.html http://www.javamex.com/tutorials/threads/invokelater.shtml http://www2.sys-con.com/itsg/virtualcd/Java/archives/0605/ford/index.html

12. More Images Draw on a panel, MediaTracker

13. MediaTracker  Images that are created from a URL, filename or byte array are preloaded using MediaTracker to monitor the loaded state of the image.

14. You can also draw images import javax.swing.*; import java.net.*; import java.awt.*; public class ImagePanel extends JPanel { private Image original; private MediaTracker tracker; public static final int PADDING = 20; public ImagePanel() { tracker = new MediaTracker(this); original = getImage("/images/crazycat.gif"); tracker.addImage(original, 0); try { tracker.waitForID(0); } catch (InterruptedException e) { return; } Use MediaTracker to control timing – without this, the panel may display before the image is loaded.

15. Drawing images, continued public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(original, PADDING, PADDING, 64, 64, null); } private Image getImage(String pathName) { URL url = getClass().getResource(pathName); Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(url); return image; } public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame("Image Play"); ImagePanel panel = new ImagePanel(); frame.add(panel); frame.setSize(200, 200); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }

16. Advanced Topics Image in a jar

17. Jar File  In Eclipse, highlight project  Right-click, Export, Jar.  Pick location for jar file  On the last dialog, identify the class containing main

18. Complete program for reference - Image import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.net.*; public class ImageGUI extends JPanel { private ImageIcon myImage; public ImageGUI() { JButton button = new JButton(); add(button); myImage = new ImageIcon(getImage("/images/crazycat.gif")); Image original = myImage.getImage(); button.setIcon(myImage); } public Image getImage(String pathName) { URL url = getClass().getResource(pathName); Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(url); return image; } public static void main(String[] args) { JFrame frame = new JFrame("Image Play"); ImageGUI panel = new ImageGUI(); frame.add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.setSize(200, 200); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); } } // end of class