Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Waste Disposal for nuclear power plants A technologically solved challenge.

Published byAndra Warner Modified over 8 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Waste Disposal for nuclear power plants A technologically solved challenge."— Presentation transcript:

1 Waste Disposal for nuclear power plants A technologically solved challenge

2 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 2 100 Renewables* Share of electricity generation in % Oil and natural gas Hard coal Lignite Nuclear power *Hydro power, wind energy, biomass, photovoltaics, domestic waste and geothermics; practically only hydropower prior to 1990 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 196019701980199020002010 Former West German States Old and new Federal States Energy mix of Germany's electricity supply between 1960 and 2010

3 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 3 19 % Oil and natural gas 23 % Nuclear 23 % Lignite 19 % Hard coal 16 % Hydro power and other renewables Energy mix of Germany's electricity supply from 2010

4 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 4 Brunsbüttel Greifswald Brokdorf Krümmel Stade Unter- weser Emsland Gorleben Rheinsberg Lingen Grohnde Asse Morsleben Konrad Ahaus Würgassen Hamm-Uentrop Duisburg Jülich Mülheim- Kärlich Biblis Kahl Grafenrheinfeld Mitterteich Philippsburg Obrigheim Karlsruhe Neckarwestheim Gundremmingen Isar Niederaichbach Nuclear power plant Authorisation for electricity production expired in 2011 according to the last revised German Atomic ActAmendment Nuclear power plant shut down Nuclear power plant completely decommissioned Research facility with waste treatment facility Waste treatment facility Central interim storage facility Repository 1Exploration 2Emplacement completed 3Construction Nuclear power plants and their corresponding disposal facilities in Germany

5 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 5 Radioactive residual materials from nuclear power plants For conventional use, recycling or removal of released materials Waste Operational waste Spent fuel assemblies - high-level radioactive - heat-generating Other radioactive materials - intermediate or low-level radioactive - non-heat-generating Decommissioning wastes Other radioactive materials - intermediate or low-level radioactive - non-heat-generating Differentiation of the radioactive residual materials

6 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 6 Radioactivity Heat-generating wastes High-level Waste designationExamples of wasteFinal disposal Distribution of total volume of waste Intermediate- level Low- level Waste with negligible heat generation Fission products from reprocessing Conditioned fuel assemblies e.g. Gorleben repository 5 % of the volume of waste with 99 % of radioactivity Core components Waste from reprocessing Operational waste from nuclear power plants Waste from decommissioning Konrad repository 95 % of the volume of waste with 1 % of radioactivity Bq/m 3 10 16 10 14 10 12 10 10 8 Classification of radioactive wastes

7 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 7 Final disposal Direct final disposal Storage in the fuel pool of the nuclear power plant Spent fuel assemblies New fuel assemblies Nuclear power plant Interim storage in the central interim storage facility or in the on-site interim storage facility ConditioningReprocessing Waste Fuel assembly manufacture Uranium and Plutonium recycling Disposal routes for fuel assemblies in Germany

8 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 8 11 billion (10 9 ) kWh 4 transport flasksReprocessingFuel elements - Uranium - Plutonium Final disposal Interim storage facility≤ 2 casks, e.g. CASTOR ® type -1/3 high level waste (glass canisters) - 2/3 intermediate level waste Canisters (approx. 10 m 3 ) Nuclear power plant 40 fuel assemblies ( ≅ 21 t nuclear fuel) Fuel assembly disposal: reprocessing / statistics for a pressurised water reactor per year of operation

9 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 9 11 billion (10 9 ) kWh 2 casks for – transport and interim storage – e.g. CASTOR ® type Fuel assembly storage Final disposal e.g. 4 POLLUX ® disposal casks Nuclear power plant 40 fuel assemblies ( ≅ 21 t nuclear fuel) Fuel assembly conditioning Fuel assembly disposal: direct final disposal; statistics for a pressurised water reactor per year of operation

10 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 10 Decay storage Radioactive residual materials accruing in the radiation-controlled area Separate collection according to material type and activity inventory Direct reuse or recycling in the nuclear field possible and economically viable? Reuse or recycling in the nuclear field Decontamination measures or buffer storage are to be verified and/or implemented if necessary Release according to §29 StrlSchV (radiation protection ordinance) possible, economically viable? Release - Unrestricted release - Release for disposal - Release of scrap metal for recycling - Release of buildings for demolition - Release in the individual case procedure Radioactive wasteConditioningInterim storage and final disposal YES NO Disposal routes for radioactive by-products from radiation-controlled areas

11 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 11 Manufacture of new products for nuclear fields Melting Final disposal in Konrad Waste packages Interim storage facility Radioactive waste, e.g. slag, filters New products, e.g. waste containers Scrap metal Waste packages Controlled recycling of metals

12 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 12 Radioactivity Bq / m 3 10 6 10 14 10 12 10 10 8 2 m 3 18 m 3 1 m 3 170 m 3 2 m 3 Bead resins Filter cartridge inserts Metal components Evaporator concentrates Filter concentrates and sludges Solid waste Bead resins Oils Typical operational wastes for a NPP with a PWR, by way of example annual raw wastes of a 1,300 MW plant and radioactivity spectrum

13 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 13 Liquid wasteSolid waste Type of waste Raw waste Conditioning Waste products Repository cask Metal components, rubble, etc. Metal components, insulation,etc. Paper, plastics, fabrics, etc.. OilSludges Evaporator concentrate Filters Ion exchanger resin conc. Incineration Drying, dehydration, cementing Compacting Solid waste Compacted pellet Salt block, granulate, powder, cement block E.g. container, cast iron container E.g. container Optimised treatment methods for solid and liquid radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants

14 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 14 Raw wasteHigh-pressure compactionIncinerationIncineration & high-pressure compaction 1/1 to 1/5 to 1/50 Up to 1/100 Waste treatment methods for volume reduction

15 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 15 Konrad repository Annual operational wastes from 17 power plants with an output of 21,500 MW 3,900 m 3 raw waste 11 PWR plants6 BWR plants 1,700 m 3 2,200 m 3 800 m 3 Waste conditioningInterim storage facility Annual waste volume from operation of the German nuclear power plants as of 2010

16 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 16 Charging system Secondary and afterburner chamber Heat recovery Addition of lime and active carbon Fan Vent stack Primary chamber Incineration furnaceExhaust gas coolerBag filter IBag filter II Flow diagram of an incineration facility for radioactive wastes

17 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 17 Shut-down nuclear power plants in Germany Plants of the electricity supply companies Plant Output in MW e Operating timeStatus VAK Kahl161960 to 1985completely removed KRB A Gundremmingen2501966 to 1977decommissioning KWL Lingen2541968 to 1977 safe enclosure dismantling application made Obrigheim3571968 to 2005decommissioning Würgassen6701971 to 1995decommissioning Stade6721972 to 2003decommissioning Mülheim-Kärlich13021986 to 1988decommissioning Biblis A12251974 to 2011 Authorisation for electricity production expired on entry into force of the 13th amendment to the Atomic Energy Act Biblis B13001976 to 2011 Brunsbüttel8061976 to 2011 Neckarwestheim8401976 to 2011 Isar 19121977 to 2011 Philippsburg 19261979 to 2011 Unterweser14101979 to 2011 Krümmel14021983 to 2011

18 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 18 Shut-down nuclear power plants in Germany Plants of the German Federation / Federal States Plant Output in MW e Operating timeStatus MZFR Karlsruhe581965 to 1984decommissioning AVR Jülich151966 to 1988decommissioning THTR Hamm-Uentrop3081983 to 1988safe enclosure Rheinsberg701966 to 1990decommissioning HDR Karlstein251969 to 1971completely removed Niederaichbach1061972 to 1974completely removed Greifswald 14401973 to 1990decommissioning Greifswald 24401974 to 1990decommissioning Greifswald 34401978 to 1990decommissioning Greifswald 44401979 to 1990decommissioning Greifswald 5440 trial operation 1990 decommissioning KNK II Karlsruhe201977 to 1991decommissioning

19 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 19 Total mass of the radiation-controlled area (PWR reference power plant) 156,500 Distribution of the accrued masses during dismantling of the radiation-controlled area of a PWR (indications in t) Concrete and reinforcement Plant components Radioactive waste (concrete/reinforcement) Material for harmless recycling Waste for conventional disposal Radioactive waste (plant components) Radioactive waste (secondary waste, e.g. from decontamination) For final disposal For harmless recycling For dumping For final disposal 600 9,800 700 3,000 13,500 500 For free recycling 143,000

20 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 20 Work sequence plans application to Treatment of radioactive wastes with step-by-step accounts concerning interim storage and final disposal Preliminary testing Procedure qualification Work sequence plans release Accompanying control Documentation Test report Release Supervisory authorityBfS Interim storage facility Repository Preparation for conditioning Conditioning Interim storage/ final disposal Responsibility Waste producer Representative expert BfS/supervisory authority Representative expert Waste producer Representative expert BfS/supervisory authority Interim storage/ final disposal

21 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 21 Responsible institutions in final disposal of radioactive wastes in Germany BMU Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety RSK Reactor safety commission SSK Radiation protection commission ESK Disposal commission BMWi Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology BfS Federal Office for Radiation Protection BGR Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources DBE Deutsche Gesellschaft zum Bau und Betrieb von Endlagern für Abfallstoffe mbH RSK/SSK/ESK consultancy Federal State Auth. Planning approval Mining authorities Planning approvals DBE Constructor and operator BfS Responsible for construction and operation, applicant BMU Administrative and technical supervision BMWi Administrative and technical supervision BGR Gorleben projectKonrad repository Waste producer Necessary expenditure Ordinance on Advance Payments for the Establishment of Federal Facilities for Safe Custody and Final Storage for Radioactive Wastes

22 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 22 Responsibilities for disposal of radioactive wastes Nuclear power plant operator Duty to surrender German Federation Development, operation and decommissioning of the power plants Development of suitable methods for treating waste and fuel assemblies Performing reprocessing/conditioning Interim storage Financing of final disposal Final disposal - Exploration - Construction - Operation - Decommissioning

23 VGB PowerTech e.V.| Version 1.0 | Letzter Stand: 5. Mai 2014 | FOLIE 23 Structure of a repository for radioactive wastes in a salt formation Overburden Salt dome Repository containers (fuel assembly casks) Depth approx. 800 m Depth approx. 1,100 m Repository containers (canisters) Tunnel Bore holes

Download ppt "Waste Disposal for nuclear power plants A technologically solved challenge."

Similar presentations

Waste Management System in Egypt Owner (Generator) Regulator RWM Operator Justification Minimization Segregation Transportati on Treatment Conditioning.

Waste Management System in Egypt Owner (Generator) Regulator RWM Operator Justification Minimization Segregation Transportati on Treatment Conditioning.
IAEA Conference-31-05-2010 1 Management of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel in Germany Ulrich Alter, Federal Ministry for the Environment and Nuclear Safety.

IAEA Conference Management of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel in Germany Ulrich Alter, Federal Ministry for the Environment and Nuclear Safety.
Sites and Projects Headquarters of DBE and DBE TECHNOLOGY at Peine Site Exploration Mine at Gorleben Konrad Repository at Salzgitter Repository Morsleben.

Sites and Projects Headquarters of DBE and DBE TECHNOLOGY at Peine Site Exploration Mine at Gorleben Konrad Repository at Salzgitter Repository Morsleben.
1 KRB-A (Grundremmingen, Germany). 2 Type:Boiling Water Reactor Power: 250 MW(e) Started in 1966, shut down in 1977 First commercial power reactor in.

1 KRB-A (Grundremmingen, Germany). 2 Type:Boiling Water Reactor Power: 250 MW(e) Started in 1966, shut down in 1977 First commercial power reactor in.
International Atomic Energy Agency IX.4.3. Waste management.

International Atomic Energy Agency IX.4.3. Waste management.
New Nuclear Power Plant Project in Finland Veijo Ryhänen TVO Energy Conference Lisbon, 22 February 2006.

New Nuclear Power Plant Project in Finland Veijo Ryhänen TVO Energy Conference Lisbon, 22 February 2006.
Nuclear Power. Source: Uranium-235 Process: – An unstable uranium nucleus is bombarded with a neutron and splits into two smaller nuclei and some neutrons.

Nuclear Power. Source: Uranium-235 Process: – An unstable uranium nucleus is bombarded with a neutron and splits into two smaller nuclei and some neutrons.
In this lesson What is nuclear power ? What is used for fuel ? What are the side effects ? Where are nuclear power plants ? Are their any power plants.

In this lesson What is nuclear power ? What is used for fuel ? What are the side effects ? Where are nuclear power plants ? Are their any power plants.
The Harnessed Atom Lesson Seven Waste from Nuclear Power Plants.

The Harnessed Atom Lesson Seven Waste from Nuclear Power Plants.
Long Term Storage, The Failure of the Federal Government, and NIMBY.

Long Term Storage, The Failure of the Federal Government, and NIMBY.
1 Successful decommissioning of a nuclear plant Evelyn Hooft Bart Thieren 20 june 2008.

1 Successful decommissioning of a nuclear plant Evelyn Hooft Bart Thieren 20 june 2008.
Resource and Energy.

Resource and Energy.
AEEC Meeting Brussels 23.11.2009 Tomasz Jackowski, Poland Department of Nuclear Energy Ministry of Economy Perspective of Nuclear Energy in Poland.

AEEC Meeting Brussels Tomasz Jackowski, Poland Department of Nuclear Energy Ministry of Economy Perspective of Nuclear Energy in Poland.
Nucular Waste A Technical Analysis Ian Baird 5/12/08.

Nucular Waste A Technical Analysis Ian Baird 5/12/08.
NUCLEAR ENERGY What is it? David J. Diamond Energy Sciences & Technology Department February 2009.

NUCLEAR ENERGY What is it? David J. Diamond Energy Sciences & Technology Department February 2009.
Regulatory Approach for Safe and Secure Transport of Radioactive Material in Germany and Experience from Shipments between France and Germany within the.

Regulatory Approach for Safe and Secure Transport of Radioactive Material in Germany and Experience from Shipments between France and Germany within the.
Nuclear Energy Targets: Explain how the nuclear fuel cycle relates to the true cost of nuclear energy and the disposal of nuclear waste. Describe the issues.

Nuclear Energy Targets: Explain how the nuclear fuel cycle relates to the true cost of nuclear energy and the disposal of nuclear waste. Describe the issues.
NUCLEAR SAFETY Barbora Svobodová Angličtina-odborná II.

NUCLEAR SAFETY Barbora Svobodová Angličtina-odborná II.
MODULE “STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT”

MODULE “STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT”
CHEMISTRY TASIA MILLER. Nuclear: operated or powered by atomic energy Waste: to destroy or consume gradually Disposal: a disposing of or getting rid of.

CHEMISTRY TASIA MILLER. Nuclear: operated or powered by atomic energy Waste: to destroy or consume gradually Disposal: a disposing of or getting rid of.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google