1. Mint Marks and control markings Present Day Back to Yester - Year by: Chip Scoppa

2. Mint Marks Mint Marks

3. Present Day US P or (without any mark) - Philadelphia P or (without any mark) - Philadelphia D - Denver D - Denver S - San Francisco S - San Francisco W - West Point W - West Point

4. Present Day US P or (without any mark) - Philadelphia P or (without any mark) - Philadelphia D - Denver D - Denver S - San Francisco S - San Francisco W - West Point W - West Point **Did you know you maybe carrying a coin minted at West Point in your pocket or purse and not know it?** **Did you know you maybe carrying a coin minted at West Point in your pocket or purse and not know it?**

5. US Mints not producing today C - Charlotte, N.C. (gold coins only)1838- 1861 C - Charlotte, N.C. (gold coins only)1838- 1861 D - Dahlonega, Ga. (gold coins only)1838- 1861 D - Dahlonega, Ga. (gold coins only)1838- 1861 O - New Orleans, La. 1838-1861; 1879- 1909 O - New Orleans, La. 1838-1861; 1879- 1909 CC - Carson City, Nev. 1870-1893 CC - Carson City, Nev. 1870-1893

6. The effect of WAR on US Mint Marks 1. Loss of marks C, D & O were stopped in 1861 (Civil War) C, D & O were stopped in 1861 (Civil War) O was the only one reused starting in 1879 after reconstruction to 1909. O was the only one reused starting in 1879 after reconstruction to 1909. 2. Addition of marks 1942 to 45 (WW II) first use of the P for Philadelphia and not reused until 1979 1942 to 45 (WW II) first use of the P for Philadelphia and not reused until 1979

7. The effect of WAR on US Coins World War II – to save the metal nickel for tank armor “Silver” (35%) nickels were introduced in 1942 and remained until 1945. The mint mark was moved to over the dome of Monticello to denote a different coin was in circulation World War II – to save the metal nickel for tank armor “Silver” (35%) nickels were introduced in 1942 and remained until 1945. The mint mark was moved to over the dome of Monticello to denote a different coin was in circulation One year later in 1943 the penny was struck with zinc plated steel planchets to save copper, but in 1944 the “steel” penny was changed back to a copper based one. These “copper” cents were made from spent ammo casings until 1947 when the pre-war composition was reintroduced. One year later in 1943 the penny was struck with zinc plated steel planchets to save copper, but in 1944 the “steel” penny was changed back to a copper based one. These “copper” cents were made from spent ammo casings until 1947 when the pre-war composition was reintroduced.

8. FIRST “P” put on a US coin

9. Canadian Prior to 1908 none Royal British Mint at London and H for the Heaton Mint in Birmingham Prior to 1908 none Royal British Mint at London and H for the Heaton Mint in Birmingham 1908 Ottawa (none like Philadelphia) 1908 Ottawa (none like Philadelphia) 1947 “Maple Leaf” date mark for coins struck in 1948, but using 1947 dies 1947 “Maple Leaf” date mark for coins struck in 1948, but using 1947 dies 1998 - W from Winnipeg 1998 - W from Winnipeg 2000 - P for “plated” steel coins 2000 - P for “plated” steel coins

10. Mexico Mo – Mexico City Mo – Mexico City

11. Post Diocletian Reform Most mints have distinctive mint markings Campgate type coins from the time of Constantine the Great and his sons are among some of these There are 15 known mints for this type of coin

12. Mints for Campgate coins Alexandria Alexandria Antioch Antioch Arelate Arelate Constantinople Constantinople Cyzicus Cyzicus Heraclea Heraclea London London Lyons Lyons Nicomedia Rome Sirmium Siscia Thessalonica Ticinum Treveri

13. Alexandria SMALA SMAL SMAL with a dot Sometimes with a wreath in left field Sometimes with the officina mark in right field CJSII-0723

14. Antioch ANT ANT SMAN SMAN SMANT SMANT With various control markings With various control markings With various officinae marks With various officinae marks CJSII-0687 CJSII-0687

15. Arelate A AR ARL CON CONST With various control markings Known for 4 turrets & “Open Door” type CJSII-0660

16. Constantinople CONS CONS With various officinae marks in various places With various officinae marks in various places With various control marks With various control marks CJSII-0909 CJSII-0909

17. Cyzicus MK SMK With various officinae marks With various control markings CJSII-0770

18. Heraclea HT, MHT, SMH HT, MHT, SMH With various officinae marks & control markings With various officinae marks & control markings Early series (316) also Early series (316) also Star became a fixture after 324 control mark Star became a fixture after 324 control mark Known for 3 Turret design Known for 3 Turret design CJSII-0805 CJSII-0805

19. London PLON Very few campgates struck here CJSII-0869

20. Lyons LG LG LVG LVG Again very few of this type of coin was struck at this mint Again very few of this type of coin was struck at this mint CJSII-0863 CJSII-0863

21. Nicomedia MN, N, SMN With various officinae marks With various control markings Only mint to use the “dot” in place of last S in the reverse legend PROVIDENTIAECAESS CJSII-0857

22. Rome R, RB, RF With various officinae marks & control markings 2, 3 & 4 turret design No door, closed door & open ones Early 300 and 320’s CJSII-0871

23. Sirmium SIRM SIRM Only one issue struck in this style Only one issue struck in this style Coin of Constantius II Coin of Constantius II RIC 53 RIC 53 Struck in 324 -325 Struck in 324 -325 Using the Star above the 2 turrets Using the Star above the 2 turrets CJSII-0918 CJSII-0918

24. Siscia SIS, SISC SIS, SISC With various officinae marks and control markings With various officinae marks and control markings RIC 214, 216 & 217 are among the easiest to find RIC 214, 216 & 217 are among the easiest to find CJSII-0725 CJSII-0725

25. Thessalonica SMTS SMTS TES TES With various officina markings With various officina markings Again one of the easiest mints in the series to find Again one of the easiest mints in the series to find CJSII-0887 CJSII-0887

26. Treveri TR TR TRE TRE With various officina marks With various officina marks Not the hardest, but difficult to find coins of this style from this mint. Not the hardest, but difficult to find coins of this style from this mint. CJSII-0847 CJSII-0847

27. Coins that were struck from One Mint I don’t own examples of (yet) Ticinum – T Ticinum – T Very few coins struck in this style at this mint Very few coins struck in this style at this mint Three groupings from 325 to 327 Three groupings from 325 to 327 Also used a crescent as a control mark Also used a crescent as a control mark Constantine II & Constantius II Constantine II & Constantius II

28. Roman Coinage Prior to the Diocletian Reform (mid 290’s) Different from coins struck after the Reform in so much as the mint city was not spelled out in detail on the before issues. Different from coins struck after the Reform in so much as the mint city was not spelled out in detail on the before issues. Legend, style, placement of marks are important to attribute the mint Legend, style, placement of marks are important to attribute the mint CJSII-0681 CJSII-0681

29. Coded Coins prior to the Diocletian Reform Probus – code word AEQVITI, AEQVIT or EQVITI struck in 280, 281 & 282 at two mints Rome and Ticinum Probus – code word AEQVITI, AEQVIT or EQVITI struck in 280, 281 & 282 at two mints Rome and Ticinum Diocletian – code word IOBI (Jupiter) struck at a single mint Siscia in 289 & 290 Diocletian – code word IOBI (Jupiter) struck at a single mint Siscia in 289 & 290 Maximian – code word HPKOY  I (Hercules) struck at a single mint Siscia in 289 & 290 as a companion to Diocletian’s Maximian – code word HPKOY  I (Hercules) struck at a single mint Siscia in 289 & 290 as a companion to Diocletian’s

31. PROBUS – 280CE Ticinum P – Prima (First) The E of EQVITI CONCORDMILIT Concordia holding two standards RIC vol V part ii 480 CJSII-0378

32. PROBUS – 280CE Ticinum S – Secunda (Second) The Q of EQVITI PROVIDENTAVG Providentia holding a globe & sceptre RIC vol V part ii 491 CJSII-0300

33. PROBUS – 280CE Ticinum T – Tertia (Third) The V of EQVITI SALVSAVG Salus feeding serpent in arms RIC vol V part ii 499 CJSII-0297

34. PROBUS – 280CE Ticinum Q – Quarta (Fourth) The (1 st ) I of EQVITI MARTIPACIF Mars holding olive- branch spear and shield RIC vol V part ii 508 CJSII-0306

35. PROBUS – 280CE Ticinum V – Quinta (Fifth) The T of EQVITI PAXAVGVSTI Pax holding olive- branch sceptre RIC vol V part ii 516 CJSII-0301

36. PROBUS – 280CE Ticinum VI – Sexta (sixth) The (2 nd ) I of EQVITI SECVRITPREP Securitas leaning on a column & arm raised RIC vol V part ii 526 CJSII-0341

37. PROBUS – 282CE Rome - RAA A – Alpha (First) The A of AEQVITI VICTORIAGERM Trophy between two captives RIC vol V part ii 223 CJSII-0298

38. PROBUS – 282CE Rome - REB B – Beta (Second) The E of AEQVITI IOVICONSPROBAVG Jupiter holding thunderbolt & sceptre RIC vol V part ii 175 CJSII-0305

39. PROBUS – 282CE Rome - RQ   – Gamma (Third) The Q of AEQVITI MARTIPACIF Mars holding olive- branch spear and shield RIC vol V part ii 177 CJSII-0391

40. PROBUS – 282CE Rome - RV   – Delta (Fourth) The V of AEQVITI ROMAEAETER Roma seated in a temple holding Victory and sceptre RIC vol V part ii 187 CJSII-0364

41. PROBUS – 282CE Rome - RIE  – Epsilon (Fifth) The (1 st ) I of AEQVITI FIDESMILITVM Fides holding two ensigns RIC vol V part ii 170 CJSII-0302

42. PROBUS – 282CE Rome - RT   – Stigma (sixth) The T of AEQVITI PROVIDENTAVG Providentia holding a globe & sceptre RIC vol V part ii 181 CJSII-0360

43. PROBUS – 282CE Rome - RIZ  – Zeta (seventh) The (2 nd ) I of AEQVITI AETERNITASAVG Sol holding a globe & raising hand RIC vol V part ii 168 CJSII-0353

45. The four positions of the Officina CJSII-0681 CJSII-0416 CJSII-0889 CJSII-0794

48. Mint Marks Mint Marks