1. How did the U.S. grow geographically?

2. How did the U.S. grow geographically?
1803 Louisiana Purchase 1819 Florida Cession 1845 Texas Annexation 1846 Oregon Country 1848 Mexican Cession 1853 Gadsden Purchase

3. Expansion Vocabulary Cede: means to formally give up something
Cession: means the act of ceding– the act of giving something up
Annex: to add a territory to a country.
Annexation: what the addition of a country is called.

4. Andrew Jackson & the Cession of Florida (1819)
Was this territorial expansion just or unjust?

5. The Cession of Florida
Since the 1500s, Florida belonged to Spain as a colony
After purchasing the Louisiana Territory, President Jefferson offered to buy Florida from Spain
Spain said “no deal”

6. Seminole Indian Chiefs
The Cession of Florida
Many white Americans living in the south wanted the U.S. to take over Florida– for 2 main reasons:
Slave owners from Georgia were mad that slaves would runaway to Florida (the slaves were welcomed and accepted by the Seminole Indians)
White landowners in Georgia were upset by Seminole raids on their lands
Seminole Indian Chiefs

7. The Cession of Florida
Spain could not prevent the slaves from running way AND Spain could not stop the Seminoles from raiding Georgia farmland
So…in 1818 President James Monroe sent Andrew Jackson– the hero of the Battle of New Orleans– to the Georgia/Florida border
Jackson was allowed to chase the raiding Seminoles back to Florida…and that was it.

8. The Cession of Florida
Jackson did more than he was ordered to do– he marched his U.S. troops into Spanish Florida (essentially invading another country without authority)
Spain demanded that the U.S. call Jackson out of Florida and punish him

9. The Cession of Florida
Rather than doing so, President Monroe sent Spain a message: either govern Florida properly (stop the raids, stop the runaway slaves) or get out
Spain, fearing war, agreed to cede Florida to the U.S.
In return, the U.S. agreed to honor Spain’s claim to the Texas territory
In 1819, the Florida territory officially became part of the United States through a treaty with Spain

10. Was the Florida Cession Just or Unjust?
Glue the Was Westward Expansion Just or Unjust? Graphic Organizer into your notebook
Briefly summarize the Florida Cession on the left (use the terms Spain, Andrew Jackson, runaway slaves, invasion, cede)
On the right, answer the question above in a complete sentence. Write two sentences that give at least two reasons for your answer.

11. On the back of the historical writing assignment paper
Four squares
Cherokees
Andrew Jackson
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Trail of Tears

12. Do Now
Record in Agenda: Trail of Tears historical writing assignment due next class
Open notebook to next available page and title it Texas Annexation 1845 and record the following information:
Annex: to add a territory to a country.
Annexation: what the addition to a country is called.

13. Was this annexation just or unjust?
Texas Annexation (1845)
Was this annexation just or unjust?

14. Texas Annexation In 1821 Texas was part of Mexico
Mexico had just won its independence from Spain
Mexican officials allowed Stephen Austin, to bring 300 families into Texas to grow cotton.
In return, settlers had to obey Mexican laws, become Mexican citizens, join the Catholic Church, and not keep any slaves.
The settlers agreed.
Stephen Austin, businessman who brought settlers into Mexico.

15. Texas Annexation
The American settlements grew. There were more Americans than Tejanos (Mexican Texans)
Americans didn’t obey Mexican laws because they:
Wanted religious freedom.
Wanted to remain Americans.
Needed slaves to grow cotton.

16. Mexican General Santa Anna
Texas Annexation
Tejanos (Mexican Texans) were unhappy with American Texans because:
Some Americans had entered Mexico illegally
They weren’t following the laws
They refused to use the language.
So the Mexican government closed Texas to Americans and sent troops to Texas
Mexican General Santa Anna

17. Davy Crockett at the Alamo
Texas Annexation
Texans were angry
They declared independence from Mexico and began a rebellion
Mexican General Santa Anna lead a large Mexican army to put down the rebellion.
180 Texans tried to hold off Mexican soldiers at the Alamo . The Texans lost.
Texans eventually defeated the Mexican army at the San Jacinto River.
Texas became an independent country.
Davy Crockett at the Alamo

18. Texas Annexation U.S. Southern states wanted Texas to become a state.
U.S. Northern states didn’t because Texas allowed slavery.
Manifest Destiny won out, and Texas was annexed as a state in 1845.

19. Manifest Destiny Documentary Projects
Each group member has to complete research from 4 sources
2 of your sources must be books
The other 2 may be websites or other books
We will begin to discuss the specifics of making the documentary once the research has been completed

20. Was the Texas Annexation Just or Unjust?
Turn to the Was Westward Expansion Just or Unjust? page.
Briefly summarize the Texas Annexation on the left (use the terms Stephen Austin, Mexico, slavery, Alamo)
On the right, answer the question above in a complete sentence. Write two sentences that give at least two reasons for your answer.