1. Migration
Belgium – Belgian Migration Germany – German Migration Scotland – Scottish Migration

2. Migration of Belgium

3. History: migration

4. History: migration
1948: increase because of the coal mines.  1965: industrialization  … : slow increase

5. History: migration

6. Why is there migration now?

7. Why is there migration now?
Brussels : capital city of Europe.
study posibility
Connect again with the family

8. Consequences Influences on religion e.g. mosque
Influences on the language:
e.g. restaurant ( from France)
Influences on the food:
e.g. Italian, Chinese restaurant, …

9. Migration of Germany

10. The most common

11. Migration in Germany

12. Foreigner in Germany
Germans as Foreigner

13. Percentage of foreigners
Under 1,5
1,5 – 2,5
2,5 – 4,0
4,0 – 5,0
5,0 – 6,0
6,0 – 7,5
7,5 – 9,0
9,0 – 11,0
11,0 – 15,0
15,0 and higher

14. Historical foreigner population
In persons

15. 1. Phase  
2. Phase  
3. Phase
: foundation of the German Empire and high industrialization: Germany changes from an emigration (e.g. to the USA) to an immigration country (polish miners from Silesia to the Ruhrgebiet)
: 8 Mio. of refugees and displaced persons came to the western zones, 3.6 Mio. to the Soviet Zone.
(construction of the German Wall): 3.5 Mio persons come from DDR/ East Germany to BRD/West Germany
  : the „economic miracle“ /Wirtschaftswunder brings the first immigration wave of foreign workers. 14 Mio „Gastarbeiter“ from Italy, Greece, Spain, Turqey, Marocco, Tunesia and Jugoslavia come to the BRD.
1973: „Anwerbestopp“/ official stop of recruitment of foreign workers
: In the DDR workers come from the „socialist brother“ in Angola, China, Mozambique, Kuba...
Since1950 : more than 4 Mio late ethnic german immigrants (Spätaussiedler) come from East Europe, most after the end of the Cold War.
: 3 Mio asylum seekers (political refugees)
2000: Demographic changement makes migration and integration an important challenge for current polities in Germany.

16. The main reasons for migration to Germany
Reason 1: People looking for jobs (from Poland, Italy, Spain, Portugal
and Turkey)
Reason 2: Russian people of German origin
Reason 3: Asylum seekers

17. The first reason
People came to Germany in the 20th century to get new jobs here;
First came thePolish people in 1900; after that the Italians then the Spanish people then the Portuguese and last group were the Turkish people;
These people (1,2 Millions) were able to get a job.
They were cheap workers.
They came as temporary workers, many stayed in Germany (problem: integration).

18. The second reason Emigration from Russia to Germany
• Katherina II wanted the Germans to immigrate into Russia.
 they helped to improve the agricultural situation in Russia (they knew how to work the fertile grounds)
• Reality was different -> thousands of people died
Emigration from Russia to Germany
• Willy Brandt ( former German chancellor ) signed a treaty with the USSR
-> allowed the descendants to come back to Germany
Katherina II

19. The second reason (II)
After 1990, many Germans from Eastern Europe came back to Germany, for example from Russia from Romania from Poland

20. The third reason Escape and asylum seekers:
•  “political persecuted persons have a right to asylum“ art. 16 GG
• under the impression of thenational socialist reign of terror the Germans decided to give everyone asylum
• everyone can use this right (coming from war zones like nowadays Afghanistan ) -> number of asylum seekers rose
-> confine this basic right (application for asylum is necessary)

21. Summary: Reasons for migration to Germany
Push-factors
Low living standard (bad education,
high unemployment rate,…)
No social security
Pull-factors
High living standard (good education, low unemployment rate)
Good social security (medical insurance, pension insurance, unemployment insurance)

22. Consequences Multicultural population Food Religion Traditions
Language

23. Scottish Migration

24. For many years people have been migrating to and from Scotland.
The current statistics show:
Population : 5,168,500

25. Although there has been much immigration to scotland, the most notable was throughout the 19th century, when many Irish people decided to emigrate to Scotland.
Push
their staple diet of potatoes was hit by crippling blight.
Farmers were the majority, and they were being kicked off their land, with nowhere to live.
-Poor living conditions
Pull
There were high oppurtunities in employment – industrial boom
Housing
Nearby- cheap to get to
Many Irish had relatives

26. Soon after, many Scots began facing difficulties, and decided to move abroad themselves. They went to many countries such as South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, USA, in search of a better quality of life.

27. Poor work and living conditions in the Scottish housing and industry.
PUSH
Highland Clearances – (in the highlands, many tennant farmers were removed from their land due to the landowners desire for sheep farming.
Poor work and living conditions in the Scottish housing and industry.
High rent prices
Disease
PULL
Much available cheap farm land in places like Australia
more job opportunities
the Scots where very skillful, and where seen as treasures abroad
the gold rush in South Africa
cheap and easier travel which made the journey safer

28. In the mid 20th century, today’s multi-cultural society was born
People from all around the world began to pour into Scotland and provide their skills and culture for all to experience.
However, today the most prominent immigration to Scotland is from Poland, and unfortunately, they are not as well received, despite providing an essential work force.

29. One World with common aims