1. Environmental Economics Hendrik Wolff hgwolff@u.washington.edu

2. What is EE? Brief Outline of “some” Environmental Problems – Population Growth – Fossil Fuel burning and Carbon Dioxide – Acid Rain and Sulfur Dioxide – Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

3. State of the Environment Population Growth puts pressure on environmental resources

5. Ice Core Measures -- Vostoc in the Antarctica.

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9. 9  2012: atmospheric CO 2 = 394ppm http://www.350.org/

10. 10 Present and Future Mean Temperature

11. 11 San Francisco Average Daily Temperature Distribution RED: 2090-2100 Projected A2 scenario from CCSM 3.0 in IPCC (2007) BLUE: 1960-90 Normals

12. 12 Boston San Francisco Houston Average Daily Temperature Distribution RED: 2090-2100 Projected A2 scenario from CCSM 3.0 in IPCC (2007) BLUE: 1960-90 Normals

13. County Temperature Data 13

14. County Temperature Data 14 Drawback: 1 day of 115 F & 4 days of 65 F  50 CDD 5 days of 75 F  50 CDD

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22. 22 116% Increase 33% Decrease

23. Differential trends in Carbon Dioxide (CO2) versus Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

25. SO2: First Big “Success” Story of Impact of “Environmental Economics” on Policy SO2  Acid Rain  Dying forests

26. Cap and Trade of SO2 emissions By late eighties: U.S. emits 20 million tons SO2/year 1990 C & T established with goal to cut emissions by 50% over 10 years

27. Cap and Trade of SO2 emissions By late eighties: U.S. emits 20 million tons SO2/year 1990 C & T established with goal to cut emissions by 50% over 10 years Figure of “price of sulfur” = marginal abatement cost of SO2 control dropped from USD 500 to USD65

28. Ozone Depletion in Stratosphere Ozone in Stratosphere necessary to decrease ultra violet radiation to hit planet (UV-B  skin cancer) Refrigerants (i.e. CFCs) destroy O3 molecules World observes steady magnitude of ozone hole in stratosphere since 1980 1986: Montreal Protocol bans (most) CFCs Ozone hole slowly starting now to decrease BUT global warming cools stratosphere, difficult to predict... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUfVMogIdr8

29. Ozone Depletion in Stratosphere Ozone in Stratosphere necessary to decrease ultra violet radiation to hit planet (UV-B  skin cancer) Refrigerants (i.e. CFCs) destroy O3 molecules World observes steady magnitude of ozone hole in stratosphere since 1980 1986: Montreal Protocol bans (most) CFCs Ozone hole slowly starting now to decrease BUT global warming cools stratosphere, difficult to predict... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUfVMogIdr8

30. Which Pollutants Increase/Decrease? Increase – CO2 – Illegal oceanic waste dumping – Nuclear contamination – Particulate Matter in Urban Areas (Developing Countries) Decrease – SO2 in U.S. – Local Water Pollution  Homework

31. Which Pollutants Increase/Decrease? Increase – CO2 – Illegal oceanic waste dumping – Nuclear contamination – Particulate Matter in Urban Areas (Developing Countries) Decrease – SO2 in U.S. – CFCs worldwide – Local Water Pollution  Homework

32. Which Pollutants Increase/Decrease? Increase – CO2 – Illegal oceanic waste dumping – Nuclear contamination – Particulate Matter in Urban Areas (Developing Countries) Decrease – SO2 in U.S. – CFCs worldwide – Local Water Pollution  Homework