1. Economic Considerations of Livestock Grazing in 2009 UW Extension Beef Workshop Mauston-March 21 st, 2009 Keith VanderVelde, UW Extension

2. Economic Considerations b Is Grazing a Profitable Enterprise ? b Yes, BECAUSE it INCREASES PRODUCTION and REDUCES COST if done properly.BECAUSE it INCREASES PRODUCTION and REDUCES COST if done properly.

3. Economic Considerations b What if you were told of a special crop production system that would increase output by at least 30% and reduce your cost by 50% I think most of you would not have any trouble adapting to such a system

4. Economic Considerations b In Most Situations Managed Rotational Grazing will do both increase production and reduce cost by: Increasing carrying capacityIncreasing carrying capacity Increase ADGIncrease ADG Improved herd healthImproved herd health Longer productive lifeLonger productive life b It also results in larger calf crops and producers are more aware of the health of the herd

5. Economic Considerations b In Most Situations Managed Rotational Grazing will do both increase production and reduce cost by: Reducing Feed costReducing Feed cost Reducing Fertilizer NeedsReducing Fertilizer Needs Greater weed controlGreater weed control Less Fuel needsLess Fuel needs Less Labor(yes you move the cows but they harvest)Less Labor(yes you move the cows but they harvest) Less manure to haulLess manure to haul b It also results in more free and family time to get away

6. Economic Considerations b Is Grazing a Profitable Enterprise b Do I have the Necessary LandLand CattleCattle FencingFencing LaborLabor CapitalCapital

7. Economic Considerations b Profitability b Do a Balance Sheet b Project Expenses and Income b Look at History of Operations b Remember Most Markets are Cyclical Get in when prices are lowGet in when prices are low Get out or reduce inventory when prices upGet out or reduce inventory when prices up

8. Economic Considerations

9. Grazing Economics b Beef-Cow industry looks break even in 2009based on Cattle-Fax projections b Time to reduce input cost b One of the common pitfalls is increased expenses. b If income goes up and expenses also increase we have lost a profit opportunity

10. Grazing Economics

11. b Cow /calf economic factors are Reproductive efficiencyReproductive efficiency Weaning weightWeaning weight Sales priceSales price Feed CostFeed Cost Market CycleMarket Cycle Fixed CostsFixed Costs

12. Grazing Economics b Managed Intensive Grazing (MIG) Offers greater management FlexibilityOffers greater management Flexibility Comes at an added costComes at an added cost –Fence –Water systems –Labor –Higher level of management required –Greater investment per animal

13. Fencing Cost b One of the largest expenses in Grazing b Many different options but some rules apply Have secure perimeter fenceHave secure perimeter fence Use temporary or portable fence in cellsUse temporary or portable fence in cells Use the lay of the land to your advantageUse the lay of the land to your advantage Be flexible in cell sizingBe flexible in cell sizing

14. Cost of Fencing 48” woven wire, one barb-----------$1.07/foot48” woven wire, one barb-----------$1.07/foot 5 barbed wire fence------------------$0.83/foot5 barbed wire fence------------------$0.83/foot High tensile 8 strand 12.5 gauge---$0.56/footHigh tensile 8 strand 12.5 gauge---$0.56/foot High tensile 5 strand electric-$0.14/footHigh tensile 5 strand electric-$0.14/foot Polywire fence(interior use only)--$0.03/footPolywire fence(interior use only)--$0.03/foot Plastic Electric 4 Tape Wide--$0.89/footPlastic Electric 4 Tape Wide--$0.89/foot Electric Rope, steel, 3 strand-$0.16/footElectric Rope, steel, 3 strand-$0.16/foot Plastic Coated non electric, 3 tapes--$2.46/footPlastic Coated non electric, 3 tapes--$2.46/foot

15. Shape effect on Fencing Requirements 744 feet 836 feet 1007 feet 951 feet Length=2 X Width 888 feet Length=4 X width 1,040 feet

16. Cost of Reseeding b Most sources recommend frost seeding as the best and most cost effective method of establishing and improving pastures b With frost seeding the costs are primarily the cost of the seed

17. What about Equipment b One of the primary benefits of Grazing is the Machinery necessary Many producers limit themselves to a:Many producers limit themselves to a: –Tractor with loader –Manure spreader –One hay making set of equipment(square bales or round baler)

18. Time Requirements b Remember Cattle Need to be Moved Make sure you have the time and labor to move cattle to new paddockMake sure you have the time and labor to move cattle to new paddock You must learn to know when is it time to move themYou must learn to know when is it time to move them Timing will vary with the amount of available pastureTiming will vary with the amount of available pasture

19. Winter Feed Supply b Winter feeding often accounts for 70 % of the total feed cost for a beef cow-calf operation b As a grazer our goal is to reduce the amount of feed brought to the cow and to have the cow go get it herself this reduces coststhis reduces costs gets the manure in the fieldgets the manure in the field

20. Wintering Costs b Stockpiling forage is recommended Set pastures aside for late fall and winter grazingSet pastures aside for late fall and winter grazing Consider corn stalk grazing or other refuse grazingConsider corn stalk grazing or other refuse grazing Consider windrowing in Nov and let the cows eat the forage out of the windrow when snow is presentConsider windrowing in Nov and let the cows eat the forage out of the windrow when snow is present

21. Reducing Winter Feed Cost b Purchase cheap hay not suitable for dairy and horse owners during the summer b Substitute cheap corn and oats for forage b Remember 10 lbs of a 50/50 corn oats mix is only $.60 with today's grain prices b Look at cheap alternatives, i.e. potato waste, sweet corn silage, candy waste

22. Cutting Winter Feed Cost b Figure out a way to feed a cow for $150 or less from Nov-April b Have some pasture available for April 15 grazing b Try to keep the manure out of the feeding area and in the pastures where it will fertilize next years forage supply

23. Fertilizer Costs and Pastures b Very high prices b UWRF Research shows fertilize May 1 st b Only fertilize improved grasses ?? Bluegrass ?? Bluegrass b Work to establish legumes in pastures Frost seed-red & white clover, orchardgrass, Italian rye grassFrost seed-red & white clover, orchardgrass, Italian rye grass Drill into grass sod-legumesDrill into grass sod-legumes

24. Make it Profitable b Stocking Rate Is Critical Goal is to maximize production per acre and production per headGoal is to maximize production per acre and production per head Greatest profits are not generated by the greatest productionGreatest profits are not generated by the greatest production Economically optimum stocking rate will occur somewhere between the point of maximum output and maximum per head performanceEconomically optimum stocking rate will occur somewhere between the point of maximum output and maximum per head performance

25. Calf gain under various grazing systems—Iowa State University b Using a 100 cow herd for the analysis b Return to operator labor, capital and management per acre BromeBrome –$99.53 w/high, 51.30 w/low intensity Mixed grass/legumeMixed grass/legume –$140 w/high, $119 w/low and $108 w/continuous –$99.53 w/high, 51.30 w/low intensity

26. Importance of individual animal performance Stocker cattle rule of thumb It takes 150 lbs of gain for a stocker to cover it’s costs 200 lbs of gain returns 75 lbs of profit 250 lbs of gain returns 125 lbs of profit 250 lbs of gain returns 125 lbs of profit

27. Calf gain under various grazing systems—Iowa State University Two grazing intensities -high with one cow/calf pair per acre -low or continuous with 1.67 acres per cow/calf pair Two pastures-mixed legume and brome

28. Calf gain under various grazing systems—Iowa State University and Nebraska Results: -on mixed grass/legume, ADG was similar but gain per acre was 100 lbs higher with MIG pasture -on brome grass, ADG was greater for low intensity but gain/ac was 60 lbs higher for MIG pasture

29. University of Missouri Forage Research Data Comparison of 3 vs. 12 vs. 24 paddock system for cow /calf production Greatest return from 12 paddock system—the 24 had the highest production but this advantage was offset by more labor and material cost Greatest return from 12 paddock system—the 24 had the highest production but this advantage was offset by more labor and material cost