1. Understand Computer Fundamentals

2. What Is A Computer?
An electronic device that receives, processes, and store data, and produces a result (output).
Classified by size, speed and application
Uses hardware and software

3. What Is A Computer?
An electronic device that receives, processes, and store data, and produces a result (output).
Classified by size, speed and application
Uses hardware and software

4. Types of Personal Computers
Desktop computer: designed to be used on a desktop.
Laptop computer: designed to be small enough and light enough to be used on your lap.
Notebook/Tablet computer: designed to be used on a desktop but still small enough to be portable.

5. Hardware vs. Software Has to be one or the other (not both)
Everything has to fall into a category
What is the difference?

6. “the equipment of the computer that you can see and touch”
Hardware
The tangible, physical equipment that can be seen and touched such as:
“the equipment of the computer that you can see and touch”

7. PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
Monitor
Speaker
Keyboard
Computer Case (Processor inside)
Mouse
CD-ROM/DVD Drive
Printer
Floppy Disk Drive

8. The Parts A of Computer Keyboard CPU (Central Processing Unit) Mouse
Speakers
Printer
Scanner
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The “brains” of the computer housed on a tiny silicon chip inside the computer case.
Floppy Disk Drive
CD-ROM/DVD Drive
Monitor

9. Let’s view some hardware! Computer Parts Video

10. Input vs. Output
Input: Information goes into the computer though it Output: Information comes out of the computer to it

11. Input Devices Keyboard Mouse/Trackball Joystick Light Pen
Pointing Stick
Touchpad
Touch Screen
Bar Code Reader
Scanner
Microphone
Graphics Tablet
Digital Cameras

12. Output Devices
Monitor: screen that displays information such as text, numbers, and
Printer: gives you information pictures.
Softcopy
from the computer in printed form.
Hardcopy
Speakers: allow you to hear voice, music, and other sounds from your computer.

13. Processing Device
Central Processing Unit (CPU) – known as the heart or “brain” of the computer and is responsible for processing the information that has been entered into the computer

14. Storage Devices Internal Storage: External Storage:
Allows you to store
information inside of the
computer
Hard Drive:
Allows the fastest access
to information
RAM (Random Access
Memory) – temporary
ROM (Read Only Memory) -
long-term memory
External Storage:
Allows you to use devices to
store information outside
of the computer
Floppy Disks
CD-ROMs (Compact Disc
Read Only Memory)
CD-RW (Compact Disc
(Read and Write)
DVDs (Digital Video Disc)
USB/Jump Drives

15. Storage Devices
Hard Disk Drive: used to store data inside of the computer.
Magnetic platter that holds a large amount of information in a form the computer can understand.
Floppy Disk: flat circles of iron oxide-coated plastic enclosed in a hard plastic case.
Most are 3 ½ inches and have a capacity to hold 1.44 MB or more of data.
CD ROM Drive: a compact disk that reads only memory.
CD-RW: a device that allows you to read and write to a compact disk

16. Which Storage Device Holds The Most Information?
FLOPPY DISKS
1.44 MB
CD-ROM DISC
640 MB
HARD DRIVES
80 and above GB
DVD DISC
17 GB

17. Storage Capacity Floppy Disk Zip Disk CD DVD
Jump Drive*** (could be smaller)
Hard Drive

18. Input vs. Output vs. Storage vs. Processing
Mouse
“Jump Drive”/USB Drive
Intel Processor
Microphone
Speaker CD
Scanner
Floppy Disk
Hard Drive
Printer
Keyboard
Zip Drive

19. Software
The intangible set of instructions that tells the computer what to do; known as programs or software programs.

20. Types of Software Operating System Software Application Software
Sets the rules for how computer hardware and application software work together, controls the operation of the computer.
Example: Windows XP
Application Software
Lets you accomplish specific tasks based on your needs.
Examples: MS Word, Excel, Access, Explorer

21. Operating System Software Tasks
Boots (starts up) the computer
Formats disks
Creates folders
Saves and retrieves files
Moves and copies files
Every Computer Has ONE Operating System Software!

22. Types of Application Software
Word Processing
Program that allows you to create, edit, and print text documents
Report, flyer, memo
Spreadsheet
Numbered Rows and Lettered Columns
Intersection of a row and column is a cell
Grade book, financial info
Database
Lets you set up an electronic filing system
Enter text and numbers
Find, search, and print info in different ways
Address book, Card Catalog

23. Operating or Application?
Microsoft XP
Microsoft Word
Explorer
Microsoft 2000
MicroType
MAC OS
Novell (what you log into when you first get here)

24. The Information Cycle

25. What Happens During The IPOS Cycle?
INPUT –
when information is entered into the computer; the computer receives information
PROCESSING –
when the computer processes the information that has been entered
OUTPUT –
when information leaves the computer
STORAGE –
when information is stored to be used later.

26. Computer Terms

27. What Is A Computer?
An electronic device that receives data, processes data, stores data, and produces a result (output).
A collection of electronic circuits, which can be on or off (open or closed).
These two states of the circuit are represented by two digits, 0 and 1.
Called the binary system

28. Types of Computers Supercomputer: most powerful
Used to do things like predict hurricanes and navigate satellites
Mainframes and minicomputers: used by business and government to process large amounts of information
Personal computers: smaller and less powerful than the other types of computers

29. Additional Types of Computers
PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants): a handheld device that is often used in conjunction with a desktop or other PC.
May have a special keyboard, some use
a pen or stylus for entering data
- Data can be transferred to a desktop or laptop computer

30. Data Communications
The technology that enables computers to communicate
The transmission of text, numeric, voice or video data from one machine to another.
Popular examples:
Internet, electronic messages ( ), faxes, and electronic or online banking
Four components:
Sender: the computer that is sending the message.
Receiver: the computer receiving the message.
Channel: the media that carries or transports the message. (telephone wire, coaxial cable, microwave signal, or fiber optic)
Protocol: the rules that govern the orderly transfer of the data sent.

31. Data Communications
Network: when computers are connected to other computers
They can share information and sometimes hardware (printers)
Local Area Networks (LAN): computers connected together in a relatively close location such as in the same building or department.
The data and software for these computers are stored on a central computer called the file server.
Wide Area Networks (WAN): when local area networks are expanded to include several local area networks within a city, state, region, territory, country, continent, or the world.

32. System Components
Central Processing Unit (CPU): the microprocessor, the brains of the computer.
Housed on a tiny silicon chip
CPU has two primary sections:
Arithmetic/logic unit
Control unit
Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU): performs arithmetic computations and logical operations; by combining these two operations the ALU can execute complex tasks.
Control Unit: is the “boss” and coordinates all of the CPU’s activities.
Uses programming instructions, it controls the flow of information through the processor by controlling what happens inside the processor.

33. System Components
Memory: found on the motherboard; short term and long term.
Random Access Memory (RAM): memory on the motherboard that is short term.
When the computer is turned off or if there is loss of power, what ever is stored in RAM disappears.
The computer can read from and write to RAM.
Read-Only Memory (ROM): memory on the motherboard that is long term.
This memory is nonvolatile and your computer can only read from a ROM chip.
The instructions remain on the chip regardless if the power is turned on or off.

34. System Components
Basic Controllers: on the motherboard, a device that controls the transfer of data from the computer to a peripheral device and vice versa.
Examples: keyboards, mouse, monitors, and printers.
Generally stored on one single chip.
Serial and Parallel Ports: used to connect our peripheral devices to the computer; usually one serial and one parallel port on a computer.
Serial devices transmit data one bit at a time.
A modem may be connected to this port.
Parallel devices transfer several bits at a time.
A printer may be connected to this port.

35. System Components
Universal Serial Bus (USB): a new standard that supports data transfer rates of up to 12 million bits per second.
A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices
Expected to replace serial and parallel ports in the near future.
Expansion Slots: an opening on the motherboard where a circuit board or expansion board can be inserted.
Examples: Additional Memory, video cards, modem cards, and sound cards.

36. Data Representation
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): the most popular and widely used standardized coding system
Byte: eight bits or combinations of ones and zeros represent a character.
MB-Megabyte or roughly 1 million bytes
GB-Gigabyte or roughly one billion bytes

37. Three Types of Printers
Dot Matrix
Gives a printed image in a pattern (matrix) of tiny ink dots.
Less expensive and not as clear
Inkjet Printer
Better quality of printed document
Machine uses an ink cartridge and a printing element to print a finer image on the paper.
Laser
Best quality of printed documents
Laser beam
More expensive
Quick

38. Systems Software
A group of programs that coordinate and control the resources and operations of a computer system.
Enables all components of the computer system to communicate.
Operating System (OS): provide an interface between the user or application program and the computer hardware.
Win 95/98/2000
Mac System 6/7
GUI (graphical user interface): graphical symbols (icons) represent files, disks, programs, and other objects.

39. Systems Software – DOS Prompt/GUI

40. Things To Note
Hardware vs. Software (including types of Hardware and Software)
Input vas Output
Types of Storage
System Components
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)
Control Unit:
Memory:
Random Access Memory (RAM): Short Term
Read-Only Memory (ROM): Long Term
Serial/Parallel Ports/USB: used to connect our peripheral devices

41. Pick A Part & Define (26 Total)
Desktop Software
Data Computer
Laptop PDAs
Mainframes/Minicomputers ALU
Network Serial and Parallel Ports
USB LAN/WAN
PC case Motherboard
CPU Control Unit Memory RAM
Expansion Slots ASCII
Byte Notebook
Hardware Supercomputer
Web TV ROM