1. Money and Financial Institutions
Chapter 12
Money and Financial Institutions pp

2. Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you’ll be able to:
Describe the functions and characteristics of money.
Explain the services that banks offer.
continued

3. Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you’ll be able to:
Name the types of banks.
Identify the functions of the Federal Reserve System.

4. Why It’s Important
Understanding the way money and financial institutions work is crucial to understanding the economy.

5. Key Words monetary system money financial institution bank account
deposit
withdrawal
interest
continued

6. Key Words electronic funds transfer (EFT) collateral mortgage
safety-deposit box
Federal Reserve System

7. The History of Money
In the monetary system goods and services are indirectly exchanged using money, which can then be exchanged for other goods and services.

8. The History of Money
Money can be anything that people accept as a standard for payment.

9. The History of Money
In other times and places people have used shells, stones, corn, parrot feathers, and even gopher tails for money.

10. WOULD THESE ITEMS BE ACCEPTABLE AS MONEY?
Figure
12.1
WOULD THESE ITEMS BE ACCEPTABLE AS MONEY?
Imagine what business would be like without money. If you worked in a fast-food restaurant, it might pay you in food. Bartering is exchanging one product for another. American Colonialists engaged in this way of doing business.
Explain why or why not these items could serve as money. Recreate this table and check the appropriate box(es) for each that applies.

11. Functions of Money The three basic functions of money are:
It is a medium of exchange
It is a standard of value
It is a store of value

12. Characteristics of Money
For money to carry out its functions, it must have several characteristics. Money must be:
Stable in value
Scarce
Accepted
continued

13. Characteristics of Money
Money must be:
Divisible into parts
Portable and durable

14. Functions and Characteristics of Money
Graphic Organizer
Graphic Organizer
Functions and Characteristics of Money
FUNCTIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
Stable
Scarce
Accepted
Divisible
Portable
Durable
Medium of exchange
Standard of value
Store of value

15. What is the monetary system? How is money a standard of value?
Fast Review
What is the monetary system?
How is money a standard of value?
continued

16. What are some of the characteristics money must have to be useful?
Fast Review
What are some of the characteristics money must have to be useful?

17. Banking
The banking system is the main type of financial institution, or organization for managing money, in our economy.

18. Storing Money
A bank account is a record of how much money a customer has put into or taken out of a bank.

19. Storing Money The money put in a bank is called a deposit.
The money taken out of a bank is called a withdrawal.

20. Storing Money
Checking accounts are used for storing money in the short term so you can draw on it easily if you want to go shopping or pay a bill.

21. Storing Money
Savings accounts are used for storing money over a long period of time.

22. Storing Money
Interest is a rate the bank pays you for keeping your money there.
If a bank pays you 5 percent interest per year on a $1,000 savings account, you’ll have earned $50 after one year.

23. Business Building Blocks Understanding Interest
Simple interest, compounded annually, is a percentage of the amount borrowed. The amount borrowed is called the principal. Compound interest may be compounded daily, monthly, or yearly.
continued

24. Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest
Simple interest. You borrow $1,000 for 3 years at a rate of 10 percent per year. Here’s how to find out the amount you owe at the end of three years:
continued

25. Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest
Step 1. Convert the interest rate percent to its decimal equivalent.
(10% = 10/100 = .10)
continued

26. Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest
Step 2. Use this formula:
interest = principal x interest rate x time
continued

27. Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest
Decimal Interest
Rate x
Principal x
Time =
Interest
$1,000 x x =
.10 3
$300
continued

28. Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest
At the end of 3 years, the cost of the loan would be $300. Since you also must pay back the principal, you owe the lender $1,300.

29. Transferring Money
Banks make it easy to transfer money from one person or business to another.

30. Transferring Money
Today more banks are using electronic funds transfer (EFT) to move money around.
With EFT, money is transferred from one account to another through a network of computers.

31. Lending Money
The money you deposit in a bank makes it possible for the bank to lend money to other customers.

32. Lending Money Most bank loans require some form of collateral.
Collateral is something valuable you put up for a loan.

33. Lending Money The four main types of loans that banks offer are:
A mortgage loan
A commercial loan
An individual loan
A line of credit
continued

34. Lending Money
A mortgage is a deed to give the property to the lender if the loan is not paid back.

35. Making an Ethical Decision
What are the most important financial issues that people should consider when buying a home?
What are the advantages of living in neighborhoods that are economically mixed?

36. Other Financial Services
Many banks provide financial advice on managing and investing your money.
You can also store valuable items, such as jewelry and certificates, in safety-deposit boxes.

37. Other Financial Services
Many banks offer credit cards.
Banks also manage trust funds, such as an inheritance.

38. Banks are businesses that provide financial services to make a profit.
Figure
12.2
HOW BANKS DO BUSINESS
Banks are businesses that provide financial services to make a profit.
What would happen to a bank’s profits if deposits suddenly decreased?

39. What are the three main functions of a bank?
Fast Review
What are the three main functions of a bank?
How does an EFT work?
continued

40. What are the types of loans a bank offers?
Fast Review
What are the types of loans a bank offers?

41. Commercial Banks
Commercial banks offer a full range of services such as checking and savings accounts, loans, and financial advice.
They are often called full-service banks.

42. Commercial Banks
To make a profit, commercial banks usually charge much more interest on the money they lend than the interest they pay on savings accounts.

43. Savings and Loan Associations
Savings and loan associations were originally set up to offer savings accounts and home mortgage loans.

44. Savings and Loan Associations
The purpose of the savings and loan associations was to encourage people to save money and make it easier to buy a home or start a business.

45. Savings and Loan Associations
Savings and loan associations charged lower interest on loans and paid higher interest on savings.
In the 1980s about 20 percent of savings and loans failed.

46. Savings and Loan Associations
The government passed new regulations allowing savings and loan associations to charge higher interest rates and offer more services like credit cards.

47. Credit Unions
Credit unions are nonprofit banks set up by organizations for their members to use.

48. Credit Unions
Credit unions offer members a full range of services, including credit cards, checking accounts, and loans.

49. Credit Unions
Credit unions offer low-interest loans and pay high interest rates on savings accounts.

50. Other Financial Institutions
Mortgage companies provide loans specifically for buying a home or business.
Finance companies offer short-term loans to businesses.

51. Other Financial Institutions
Insurance companies not only provide protection against things like fire and theft, but also offer loans to businesses.

52. Other Financial Institutions
Brokerage firms that sell stocks and bonds may also offer a wide range of financial services to its customers.

53. What are the types of banks?
Fast Review
What are the types of banks?
How is a credit union different from a commercial bank?
continued

54. Fast Review
Name some financial institutions other than banks that offer similar services.

55. The Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve System (or Fed) is the central banking organization in the United States.

56. The Federal Reserve System
Congress set up the Fed in 1913 to end the periodic financial panics that occurred during the 1800s and early 1900s.

57. The Federal Reserve System
The Fed consists of 12 Federal Reserve district banks, 25 branch banks, and about 5,000 member banks.

58. Functions of the Fed The six functions of the Fed are: Clearing checks
Acting as the federal government’s fiscal agent
Supervising member banks
continued

59. Functions of the Fed Regulating the money supply
Setting reserve requirements
Supplying paper currency

60. Name the six functions of the Fed.
Fast Review
What is the Fed?
Name the six functions of the Fed.

61. How does the Fed create money?
continued

62. With a 20 percent reserve requirement, if a bank lends out $1,000 how much money must it hold in reserve?
continued

63. A bank must keep in its reserve 20 percent of a new deposit
A bank must keep in its reserve 20 percent of a new deposit. How much money does the bank need to keep if it lends you $800?
continued

64. How does the money supply at a bank expand?

65. Money and Financial Institutions
End of
Chapter 12
Money and Financial Institutions pp