1. Beach Nourishment Effects on Nesting Marine Turtles Whitney Pyatt NC Coastal Reserve & NERR May 9, 2011

2. Background Beach nourishment is the most widely used form of stabilization and shoreline protection Implications for nesting success of marine turtles

3. Sediment Quality Grain size distribution Beach morphology Shear resistance (hardness) Density Permeability Compaction Sediment color Heat retention Mineral content Aragonite v. Silicate Sand shape Heat retention

4. Rumbold et al., 2001

6. Brock et al., 2009

8. Research Findings Steinitz et al. Nesting success: significantly lower on renourished than on the control beach both before, and for the two seasons after, the completion of a renourishment project. By the third season (year 2), no significant differences were evident. Hardness: renourished sections were significantly greater than at the control section. 1 and 2 years after the project, shear resistance declined and became comparable to control site.

9. Steinitz et al., 1998

10. Research Findings Emergence success at the renourished beaches (median of 71%) was lower than emergence success on the control beach (median of 78%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Sands used as fill matched those on the control beach in size distribution and in bulk density. Steinitz et al., 1998

11. Milton et al., 1997

12. Aragonite v. Silicate Milton et al., 1997

13. Conclusion Renourishment effects vary spatially and temporally Studies show positive, negative, and neutral effects on nest fate Most significant impacts appear to be 1-2 years postrenourishment

14. References Brock, K. et al., (2009). The Effects of Artificial Beach Nourishment on Marine Turtles: Differences Between Loggerheads and Green Turtles. Restoration Ecology 17(2), 297-307. Milton, S. et al., (1997). The Effect of Beach Nourishment with Aragonite versus Silicate Sand on Beach Temperature and Loggerhead Sea Turtle Nesting Success. Journal of Coastal Research 13(3), 904-915. Rumbold, D. et al., (2001). Estimating the Effect of Beach Nourishment on Caretta caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle) Nesting. Restoration Ecology 9(3), 304-310. Speybroeck J. et al., (2006). Beach Nourishment: An Ecologically Sound Coastal Defence Alternative? A Review. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16, 419-435. Steinitz, M. et al., (1998). Beach Renourishment and Loggerhead Turtle Reproduction: A Seven Year Study at Jupiter Island, Florida. Journal of Coastal Research 14(3), 1000-1013.