1. Las Delicias, El Salvador Water Supply Project Current Project Status, January 2010 Richard Cairncross & David Haussler

2. Presentation Outline Overview of Las Delicias Community Current Water Supply System and Challenges Proposed Improvement to Water System – Phase I (May 2012) New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline – Phase II (Fall 2012) New pump Improvements to distribution system Logistics and Implementation

3. Las Delicias, El Salvador Las Delicias

4. Las Delicias, El Salvador Community Facts – ~600 homes, 3000 residents – 15 miles NW of San Salvador – On Western Slopes of Volcan San Salvador – Homes Spread Out, but Las Delicias is Bordered by Several Similar Communities – Water Storage & Piping System installed 20 years ago With Water Delivery by Truck – Well and Pump Installed < 5 years ago – Residents are Poor (<$10/week income) – Community Well-Organized through Adesco and NGOs (FIAT & FIMRC) – Able to spend about $5 per household on water each month Project History Project FIAT and FIMRC have been active in Las Delicias for > 5 years Initial Contact with Project FIAT January 2009 Application to EWB-USA March 2009 Project Approved May 2009 Preliminary Assessment Visit July 2009 First Assessment Trip July 2010 Second Assessment Trip November 2011

6. Current Las Delicias Water System DOWNHILL

7. Las Delicias Community Map with Piping System Pump Runs 6 Hours a day 3 days/week. Pump flows about 150 GPM.

8. Map of Las Delicias Water System DOWNHILL

9. Map of current Las Delicias Water System from ADESCO with approx house locations indicated

10. Summary of Existing Water System

11. 260 Homes Served by Tanque 3 33 Homes Served by Tanque 2 291 Homes Served by Tanque 1 Current Water Distribution System DOWNHILL

12. Challenges to Las Delicias Water Supply System

13. Proposed Updates to Las Delicias Water System Objectives – Utilize existing and new tank at intermediate elevation to supply water to lower half of Las Delicias – With new pump and supply line  reduced electricity costs – Improved distribution system  more equitable water supply to all homes Phase I (May 2012) – New Water Tank at Intermediate Elevation – New Supply pipeline and distribution pipeline Phase II (Fall 2012) – New pump – Improvements to distribution system – Improving power factor for pump – Enabling pumping during nighttime to take advantage of lower rates

14. 117 Homes Served by Tanque 3 33 Homes Served by Tanque 2 154 Homes Served by Tanque 1 Proposed Water Distribution System 280 Homes Served by New Tank DOWNHILL

15. Modified water system

16. Summary of potential changes in water distribution system CURRENT SYSTEM Storage – Tanque 1: 35,000 gal – Tanque 2: 11,000 gal – Tanque 3: 25,000 gal Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm, ~3 days per week Spring supplies water to Tanque 2 (and other tanques) Homes serviced by Tanques 1.291 2.33 3.260 PROPOSED MODIFICATION Storage – Tanque 1: 35,000 gal – Tanque 2: 11,000 gal – Tanque 3: 25,000 gal – New Tank: 28,600 gal Current 65 HP Pump supplies water to Tanques 1 & 3 at 175 gpm New pump supplies water to new tank at 175 gpm with much lower head Homes serviced by Tanques 1.154 2.33 3.117 New: 280 New tank reduces demand of water from Tanques 1&2 (which require high head) by roughly 50%

17. Design of New Tank

18. Tank Design Concrete block vs concrete Assumed strength of concrete Tank seal at base of wall

19. Coupling system between 2 Tanks with different height/elevation

20. Design of Additional Pipelines for - supplying water to tank - distributing water

21. Map of Current Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications) RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump) BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity DOWNHILL

22. Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications) RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump) BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity NEW SUPPLY LINE 1 NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2c NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2a NEW DISTRIBUTION LINE 2b NEW TANK A B C D E F DOWNHILL

23. Piping System Layout New Pipelines Supply Line 1 to new tank (A-B-C) – Length = 365 m + tank connection (assume + 10 m) = 375 m – 1 bend, 1 tee, 3 elbow, 2 valves, 1 exit – 17 m elevation rise + tank height – Hill rises to 643 m then valley falls t0 640 m on connecting road (D-B) – ~175 gpm flowrate Distribution line connection 2a from lower Tramo 3b to lower Tramo 6 (E-F) – 105 m length, elevation change unclear, guess 10 m drop Distribution connection 2b from upper Tramo 3b to upper Tramo 6 (B-D) – 120 m length, 8 meter drop with low point at 640 m (3 m below D) Distribution line 2c from new tank to new connections (C-B-E) – 255 m length, 11 meter elevation drop Waypoints PointLocationElevation ACalle Principal638 m BIntersection at Field 651 m CNew tank655 m DEnd of upper Tramo 6 643 m EEnd of lower Tramo 3b 640 m FEnd of lower Tramo 6 ?? Guess 630 m

24. Proposed update to Water System (section relevant for EWB-MAP modifications) RED lines – supply lines to tank (uphill by pump) BLUE lines – distributions lines by gravity NEW SUPPLY LINE 1 NEW TANK A B C 105 m 20 m 240 m DOWNHILL

25. A B C 105 m 240 m D 638 m 640 m 643 m 651 m Elevation: 640 m 655 m Supply Pipe 1 Pipe Profile NEW TANK Tee connect to 6” pipe Gate Valve 45° Elbow 90° Elbow with anchor Gate Valve 90° Elbow Pipe Exit PIPE FITTINGS Tee with Manual Air release valve Tee with Manual drain valve Road Crossing

26. Estimate of head losses in supply pipe 1 (smooth PVC) 4” PVC sufficient to keep major and minor losses to <10% of the elevation change

27. Supply Pipe 1 Trenching Based on recommendations from EWB Water Resource Guidelines and advice from Tony Sauder: – 70 cm trench depth (45 cm depth acceptable except in road crossing) with pipe buried below 50 cm – 10 cm bedding (2-12 mm soil) if stones/rocks present in trench – Back-fill with soil that is free of lumps, from stones (>3 cm), and from organic matter – PVC pipe joined in trench and cure for >10 hr prior to pressurizing. Keep joints exposed to check for leaks – For road crossing, may bury PVC pipe inside steel or concrete pipe (ID > diameter of PVC joints); final decision to be made in the field after evaluating potential for erosion 70 cm trench depth 10 cm bedding 10 cm 50 cm

28. Valve Boxes Design options – Obtain pre-cast valve boxes with lockable lids locally – Build from bricks and mortar with metal lids Specifications – 4” Pipe centered about 55 cm below ground level – Box should extend 10 cm above ground level – Internal dimensions roughly 45cmx45cm – Place support under valve Photos of current valve boxes installed in Las Delicias

29. Design of Valve Boxes from a prior EWB project Adjust Dimensions based on local conditions For Single 4” pipe

30. Thrust Anchors for Elbows &Tees From Russ Turner, Tetratech

31. Thrust Anchor Dimensions Based on 4” PVC PIPE 50 cm Trench Depth Height of Anchor 25 cm Length of Anchor Backing against undisturbed material: 90° BEND: L = 80 cm 45° BEND: L = 40 cm Tee: L = 40 cm

32. Summary of May 2012 Implementation

33. Summary of Finances for Implementation

34. Plans for Phase II Implementation (Fall 2012)

35. Logistics and Implementation Plan

36. Schedule for Implementation

37. Contingency Plans (worst case scenarios) for Implementation

38. Material Procurement Emphasize connections through Project FIAT