1. CD, DVD and Sound cards

2. CD drives Overview optical drive: laser shines on disc and transition from land to pit.laser shines on disc pits and bumps: less reflection (.12microns deep and.06 microns wide). pits and bumps spiral: (3 miles long, over 2 billion pits) Types CD-ROM : read only (metallic film with real pits) CD-R : write once (heats the metal and dye together) CD-R CD-RW: up to 1,000 times (alloy changes with heat) CD-RW Capacities: 650 and 700 MB Speeds: 24 x = 3,600 KBps, 52x = 7,800 KBps

3. DVD drives Overview also an optical drive higher capacity than CDs higher capacity up to 133 minutes of video data capacity: DVD-5, single-sided, single-layered, 4.7 GB DVD-9, single-sided, double-layered, 8.5 GB DVD-10, double-sided, single-layered, 9.4 GB DVD-18, double-sided, double-layered, 17 GB Types DVR-R - read only, 4.7 GB DVR-RW - 1,000 times, 4.7 GB, work in DVD players DVD+RW - other format, becoming predominant DVD+RW - both formats DVD-RAM ?

4. CD and DVD Interfaces EIDE (ATAPI) enable DMA in controller BIOS configuration, jumpers connect to sound card SATA, SCSI, USB Recording CDs and DVDs File systems ISO 9660 Level 1 - old, 8.3 format ISO 9660 Level 2 - file names up to 30 Joliet - extension of ISO, up to 64, multisession Mount Rainer - in XP, drive needs to support

5. Recording CDs and DVDs Windows vs. third-party Windows third-party Multisession writing - write in more than one session making data CDs/DVDs bootablebootable Finalizing - closing the disc, can only be read after this buffer underrun: recording CD/DVD faster than source buffer underrun remember the alphabet soup for media types More on burning CDs/DVDs New standard for DVDs HD DVD vs. Blu-ray Installing CDs/DVDs CD and DVD

6. Sound cards Basic sound concepts What is sound? Measuring sounds: decibel (dB) What is sound? Measuring sounds sampling rates and human hearing (20 Hz to 20 kHz) digital audio: DAC converters, PCM sampling rate: signal measured many times per second sampling rate: at least twice as the highest frequency 44.1 kHz: CD quality 22.05 kHz radio quality 11.025 kHz telephone quality amplitude 8 bits => 48 dB, 256 values for each sample 16 bits => 96 dB (CDs use it), 64K values for each sample 24 bits => 144 dB (pain threshold 125 dB), 16.8 million values

7. Audio formats basic types: aiff, au, wav, qt, ra, wma, mp3 basic types audio codec and audio compression: lossy (11:1) and lossless (2:1). audio codecaudio compression Uncompressed sound files size (1 minute) 44kHz 16 bits => 10 MB 44kHz 24 bits => 33 MB Compressed using MP3 : 4 minutes => 4 MB (one song) Sound players Microsoft media player Real player QuickTime player Sound cards

8. Sound card basics overview : DAC, DSP, memory, ROM (wavetable), I/O overview : specifications: ISA or PCI cards: 8, 16, 24 bits for each sampling voices: multiple notes, from 32 to 64 voices FM and wavetable: hardware and software support Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): %, as low as.004%THD Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR): in dB, cassette 60 dB, CD 100dBSNR Input and output connections: CD, microphone, speaker(s), MIDI, S/PDIF, FireWire, USB, TAD Input and output connectionsspeaker(s) Installing and upgrading a tutorialtutorial Sound cards future? X-Fi or motherboard X-Fimotherboard Sound cards