1. UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND SCHOOL OF LAW Professor Noah M. Sachs Toxic Chemicals and Water: What are the Risks? What are the Solutions?

2. Major Findings of the January 2014 Report “A Strategy to Protect Virginians from Toxic Chemicals” by Noah Sachs & Ryan Murphy Virginia industries discharged 16.7 million pounds of toxic chemicals into waterways in 2011 277 different facilities (with 570 total outfall pipes) were legally permitted to discharge toxic chemicals into waterways Virginia was ranked second in the nation by amount of toxic chemicals discharged to waterways The New River and the Roanoke River were among the worst twenty waterways in the nation by amount of toxic discharges Fish consumption advisories in effect for most of the major rivers in Virginia due to toxic chemical contamination

3. Toxic Chemical Storage Near Waterways

4. The Freedom Industries Spill Charleston WV, January 9, 2014

5. Facilities in Virginia Storing Over 1 Million Pounds of Toxic Substances in 2011

6. Protecting waterways from chemical accidents: What are the options? Annual inspection Secondary containment Leak detection equipment Siting and construction standards for new tanks Mandatory notification and spill response plans

7. SB 811 – Just enacted in 2015 Requires a study by DEQ, Dept of Health, and DEM on chemical storage in the Commonwealth, including: (i) an examination of existing programs to protect drinking water resources from chemicals (ii) identification of any existing gaps in drinking water protections related to chemical storage (iii) identification of any inadequacy in storage standards Study due by December 1, 2016

8. Oil Transport by Rail

9. Lynchburg, VA April 30, 2014

11. Near Mount Carbon, WV Feb 16, 2015

13. Galena, IL March 6, 2015

14. Casselton, NDDecember 30, 2013

15. Aliceville, AL November 8, 2013

16. Lac Megantic, Quebec July 6, 2013

17. Dept. of Transportation recommended ½ mile evacuation zone in the event of an oil train fire

19. Downtown Richmond rail hub

20. UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND SCHOOL OF LAW Professor Noah M. Sachs Toxic Chemicals and Water: What are the Risks? What are the Solutions?