1. Presentation On Vibration Analysis

2. Reciprocating Machines
Types of machines
Motors
Pumps
Fans
Gearboxes
Engines
Compressors
Steam Turbines
Generators
Gas Turbines
Hydro Turbines
Rotating Or
Reciprocating Machines

3. We are in here Proactive Predictive Reactive Vibration AnalysisPP
Lubrication Excellence
Mechanical Ultrasound
Precision Maintenance
Alignment, Balance, etc.
Oil Analysis
Thermography
Select Suppliers
NDT
Supplier Specifications
Metrics
We are in here
Equipment Ranking
Heat
RCM
Feel
Equipment Performance
TPM
RCA/FMEA
Noise
RCD
Training Programs
Smell
Written Procedures
Smoke
Job Planning/Scheduling
CMMS System FF
Time
Machine Condition Chart

4. Condition Monitoring
Condition monitoring is the process of monitoring a parameter of condition in machinery, such that a significant change is indicative of a developing failure. It is a major component of Predictive Maintenance (PdM). The use of conditional monitoring allows maintenance to be scheduled, or other actions to be taken to avoid the consequences of failure, before the failure occurs.

5. Machine condition monitoring technologies
Oil Analysis
Vibration
Analysis
Infrared Thermography
Ultrasound
Industrial requirements for
machine condition monitoring
Non-intrusive measurements
Early detection to reduce cost
Multiple technologies for complete assessment

6. Condition Monitoring For your Plant
Vibration
Analysis
Oil Analysis
Thermal
Analysis
Ultrasound
Analysis
If you think this is your plant, then your plant is stand on this 4 technologies

7. What Is Vibration ?
Vibration is a "back and forth" movement of a structure. It can also be referred to as a "cyclical" movement

8. Machine failures are very costly… sometimes spectacular,
…and the VIbration is a common cause of failure

9. Vibration Analysis
More than 20 years ago someone made the statement, “The vibrations produced in a machine are the best indication of the machine’s health.” This statement still holds true today. Of all the predictive maintenance (PdM) technologies, vibration analysis remains the best measure of machine health. This is true because vibration monitoring can alert us to so many different conditions that may indicate potential machine failures. Unbalance, misalignment, bearing faults, resonance, looseness, cavitations and electrical problems are just a few of the many problems that can be detected with vibration monitoring.

10. Common Problems that Generate Vibration
Misalignment
Unbalance
Worn belts & pulleys
Bearing Defects
Hydraulic Forces
Aerodynamic Forces
Reaction Forces
Reciprocating Forces
Bent Shafts
Rubbing
Gear Problems
Housing Distortion
Certain Electrical Problems
Frictional Forces

11. What we Measure for Vibration Analysis
Phase: In What Direction Is The Movement. It also called phase angle.
Unit: Degree
Amplitude: How Much Movement Occurs or severity of the vibration.
Amplitude measures as
1. Displacement: mm, mils (0.001”)
2. Velocity: mm/sec, in/sec
3. Acceleration: G’s (1g= Force of
gravity) or rms (root mean square)
Frequency: How Often The Movement Occurs. How many "cycles" in a period of time: a second or a minute
Unit: Cycle per second (Hz)
Cycle per Minute (CPM)

12. How we measure Vibration
Horizontal: A Transducer Mounted Horizontally "Sees" Only Horizontal Movement
Axial: Axial direction is always on the parallel to the shaft axis.
Vertical: A Transducer Mounted  Vertically "Sees“ Only  Vertical Movement

13. Vibration Transducer Velocity Transducer
Sensors…Transducers…Probes…What is it?
….It basically converts mechanical vibration to
an electrical signal
Accelerometer
Charge Type &
Line Drive
Constant Voltage &
Constant Current
Displacement
Shaft Riders
Proximity Probes
(Eddy Current Probes)
Velocity
Transducer

14. Mounting Direction Vertical Axial Axial Horizontal Radial Vertical
Radial Horizontal
Radial
Vertical
Axial
Axial
Horizontal

15. Mounting Direction For detail study of vibration dynamics of machine
Vert.
Vert.
Hori.
Hori.
Axial
Axial
For detail study of vibration dynamics of machine
– vertical, horizontal and axial at each bearing location
For monitoring – one point per bearing and add axial when
There is a thrust bearing or axial potential faults eg. misalignment

16. Machinery Health Monitoring
Strategy
Application at Typical Plant
Online Solutions for critical machinery
Total # Machines 2,500
Typical Industrial Process Plant
Turbines
Generators
Compressors
~125 Machines 5%
Critical
25%
Essential
30%
Important
20%
Secondary
Non-Essential
Multi Technologies
Portable Solutions
Wireless
Transmitters
Motors
Pumps
Fans
Gears
~1375 Machines
~500 Machines
~500 Machines

17. By the Medical ECG we know the condition of our Heart
By the Machinery Health Condition

18. Date Representation FFT Spectrum Plot Wave Form Plot or Domain Plot
Waterfall Plot
Orbit Plot

19. FFT Spectrum Plot for some
Problems
Unbalance
Misalignment
Structural Looseness
Bearing Looseness
Structural Resonance
Sleeve Bearing
Looseness/Rubs
Gear Problem
Misalignment
Pump Cavitation
X=RPM=CPM CPM=Cycle per minute=60Hz
1X=1xRPM=1xCPM
2X=2xRPM=2xCPM
3X=3xRPM=3xCPM