2. Grammar Level 2: The Parts of the Sentence The study of the sentence is the study of thought itself. In order to express a thought, we must do two things: 1. We must identify what we are talking about 2. We must say what we are saying about it

3. The Sentence Sentence: A sentence is a two-part thought: it is a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicate, and which makes a complete idea.

4. The Sentence B. Parts of the Sentence 1. Subject 2. Predicate a. Direct object b. Indirect object c. Subject complement d. Object complement

5. The Subject Simple subject: the noun or subject pronoun that the sentence is about. Complete subject: the simple subject and all of its modifiers. Notice that only subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they) can be subjects. Compound subject: a compound subject is a multiple subject: more than one noun or pronoun is used as a multiple subject of the same clause. Example: Physics and astronomy are my favorite subjects.

6. The Predicate Simple predicate: a simple predicate is the verb. Example: Bob went over to the crater at the foot of the escarpment. Complete predicate: everything that is said about the subject Example: Bob went to the crater and gathered three bags of comet dust.

7. The Sentence subject/predicate set: the subject/predicate set is the combination of simple subject and simple predicate which is always present as a nucleus in every sentence and in every clause. There may be more than one subject/predicate set in a single sentence.

8. Subject/Verb Agreement The number of the subject and the verb must agree. A plural subject must have a plural verb. A singular subject must have a singular verb. Example: The top of the mountains is covered by snow. Remember: The sentence is either a thought about something singular, or else it is a thought about something plural. It cannot logically be both!

9. Direct Object A direct object is a noun or object pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them) which receives the action of the action verb. When there is a direct object, the verb is called transitive. Example: Sparks struck the side. They hit him.

10. Indirect Object An indirect object is a noun or object pronoun located between the action verb and the direct object. It is indirectly affected by the action. If there is an indirect object, there must be a direct object. Therefore, the verb is still transitive. Example: We gave him the business.

11. Subject Complement A subject complement is a noun, subject pronoun, or adjective which complements the subject; it is linked to the subject by a linking verb. The subject complement, in a sense, renames the subject. Example: Bob is a painter. It was he. The mutt was tired.

12. Predicate Nominative Predicate nominative is a term sometimes used to describe a subject complement made out of a noun or pronoun. Example: It was she or I who came to visit. It is I, Hamlet.

13. Predicate Adjective Predicate adjective is a term sometimes used to describe a subject complement made out of an adjective. Example: I am sleepy.

14. Object Complement An object complement is a noun, object pronoun, or adjective that completes the meaning of the direct object. Example: They selected him president. They painted the house blue.

15. The Logic Path of a Sentence 1. Find the subject/predicate set. 2. If the verb is action, -Do not look for a subject complement -Look for a direct object 3. If you find a direct object -Look for an indirect object 4. If the verb is linking, -Do not look for a direct object -Look for a subject complement -Look for the next subject/predicate set and repeat

16. The Logic Path of Sentence Structure Verb Linking Direct Object? Action Indirect Object? Subject Complement? Pred. Nominative? Pred. Adjective?