1. Southern Europe: Italy Buon Giorno! Chapter 12 / Section 2

5. A boot kicking a football Italy is a 750-mile long peninsula (the Appenine Peninsula) & islands (Sicily & Sardinia) It is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on three sides - East: Adriatic Sea - South: Ionian Sea - West: Tyrrhenian Sea (They are bodies of water that are part of the Mediterranean Sea.) - North: Monaco, France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia

6. The Land Size: the states of FL & GA combined (113,351 sq mi.) Three types of landforms: 1) Mountains 2) Lowlands 3) Coasts

8. Italy from Space (Thanks NASA!)

9. 1) Mountains Alps: they form a natural border b/w Italy and the countries of France, Switzerland, and Austria in the north Appennines: they run from the top of the peninsula to the “toe” of the boot (NW-SW direction) in the center of the country - They turn into hills in Southern Italy Volcanic mountains: close to 20 volcanoes, 3 of which are still active today

10. The Alps

11. The Appennines

12. The Southern Hills of the Appennines (Santa Luce)

13. Volcanic Mountains Mount Etna (continuous eruptions): on the island of Sicily Stromboli (continuous eruptions): one of the Aeolian Islands Mount Vesuvius (last erupted in 1944): near the city of Naples - The only active volcano in mainland Europe - In A.D. 79, it destroyed the cities of Pompei & Herculaneum, killing 10,000- 25,000 people

15. Mount Etna

17. Stromboli

19. Mount Vesuvius

20. The Crater of Mt. Vesuvius

21. Pompeii

23. 2) Lowlands The largest & most important lowland is the Po River Valley in northern Italy Italy’s largest river, the Po River, cuts through it from the border of Switzerland all the way to the Adriatic Sea

24. Po River & Valley

25. Po River Valley from Space

26. Po River

27. Po River Plains

28. 3) Coasts The most famous coasts: Amalfi Coast Italian Riviera

29. Amalfi Coast

33. Italian Riviera

36. The Climate 3 types of climate (from N to S): 1)Highland: in the Alps = cold & cool temperatures year-round due to the high elevation (timberline & snowcaps!) 2)Humid subtropical: in the Po River Valley = hot, humid summers w/ plenty of rain & short, mild winters 3)Mediterranean: in the rest of Italy, including the islands of Sicily & Sardinia = hot, dry summers (sirocco!) & mild, rainy winters

37. Siroccos Hot, dry winds blowing from North Africa in the spring & the summer Cool, moist air from the Atlantic Ocean replaces the siroccos in the fall & the winter (they bring rain to Italy)

38. Sirocco Winds

40. The Economy Wealthy Southern European country Its wealth is unevenly distributed b/w the industrialized, urban North & agricultural, rural South

41. The Prosperous North 1)Agriculture: In the fertile Po River Valley: wheat, corn, rice, sugar beet In the hills of N. Italy: wine grapes 2)Industry: Hydroelectric power from the Alps & natural gas in the Po River Valley Manufacturing of cars, machinery, chemical, clothing, & leather in Turin & Milan 3) Trade: in the port city of Genoa 4) Banking

42. Farms in the Po River Valley

43. Italian Vineyards

44. FIAT

45. Milan Fashion Week

46. The Developing South 1) Raising livestock: dry, rugged landscape  used for pastureland  grazing livestock 2) Agriculture: volcanic & clay soil  used for growing citrus fruits, olives, & grapes 3) Tourism

47. Pastureland in Southern Italy

48. Citrus & Olive Farms in S. Italy

49. Tourists on Mt. Etna

50. The People Capital: Rome Population: 59.8 million  People only live on 25% of the land  Reasons: mountains & migration to Northern cities Language: Italian Religion: Roman Catholic Type of Government: parliamentary democracy Largest cities: Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Genoa, Bologna, Florence

51. The Flag of Italy

52. Rome

53. The Coliseum

54. Vatican City, a.k.a. the Holy See

55. St. Peter’s Basilica

56. St Peter’s Square

57. Italy’s Heritage The Roman Empire was the heart of Western Civilization from 31 B.C. until its collapse in 476 A.D. Then, Italy was divided into city-states: independent cities w/ the surrounding countryside City-states developed during the Renaissance (14 th through 16 th centuries) & spread Italian scientific & cultural achievements abroad City-states were unified into an independent country (Italy) by Giuseppe Garibaldi & Victor Emmanuel II. in 1861

58. Modern Italy Dictator Benito Mussolini ruled Italy from 1922-1945 Mussolini supported Adolf Hitler & pushed Italy into World War II (Italy was defeated) Italy became a parliamentary democracy in 1946 Unstable democracy w/ many-many changes of government

59. Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi

60. Roman Roads

61. Roman Aqueducts

62. Italian Pasta Dishes

63. The End Ciao!