1. Telemedicine Defined Diagnosis, consultation, treatment, education and the transfer of medical data using interactive audiovisual and data communications Use of electronic communication and information technologies to provide or support clinical care at a distance Telehealth

2. The Progress of Telemedicine Dennis O’Brien ISM 6021 December 9, 2002

3. Health Care Revolution Information technology progress is not as rapid as other industries –financial and human resources deficiencies in health care Most dollars are directed toward medical resources –attracting and keeping IT talent is particularly difficult for the health care industry

4. Health Care Revolution Most medical establishments spend only 2 to 3 percent of the operations budget on IT functions – traditional attitudes about IT and care giving. Most now operate a public web site and intranets –92% have informational sites on the web –20% are participating in extranets or supply chain networks –15% are offering only enterprise portals Source: Transformation of the Enterprise Survey; Internet Week, 2000.

5. Health Care Revolution Use of the Web by health care consumers will increase –WebMD and DrKoop.com Consumers are more likely to consult their local doctor or hospital than to seek advice online Opportunity for regional health care providers –Partners HealthCare System Inc

6. Health Care Revolution Don’t expect to turn a profit on their web based patient services. –to improve service to the provider’s community Hospitals and physicians are using web technology to communicate with one another –Amicas Inc –Second-Opinion.com

7. Establishing A Telemedicine Program Successful telemedicine programs –careful planning, –sound management, –dedicated health care professionals, support staff –commitment to appropriate funding

8. Establishing A Telemedicine Program Program objectives of telemedicine need to be well defined (1)Improve access to health care (2)Enhance a competitive position (3)Reduce costs

9. Establishing A Telemedicine Program Program objectives of telemedicine need to be well defined (1) Improve access to health care service availability in remote or difficult to operate environments improving access to specialty services Allows development of local primary care health centers supported by regional diagnostic centers and hospitals –State of Alaska north of the Artic Circle

10. Establishing A Telemedicine Program Program objectives of telemedicine need to be well defined (2) Enhance a competitive position Expand the sponsors market zone to increase business opportunities Academic medical centers to support local health care providers Increase loyalty of high-volume physicians, e.g. with ease of access to data from their homes while on-call or in their practice

11. Establishing A Telemedicine Program Program objectives of telemedicine need to be well defined (3) Reduce costs home care providers Prisons

12. Technology Required Integration of medical devices –interface between the caregiver and the patient Network computing –permit the storage of data – facilitate the transfer of the desired data Video conferencing –transmit sound and data on a real time basis

13. Source: Family Practice Conference, Annual Session; Philadelphia 2000.

14. Technology Required Software issues –application software Device interfaces –assure the flow of information Telecommunications options –originating site (live vs. storage) –high bandwidth

15. Technology Required Selecting technology vendors –expertise/experience with telemedicine –provide support –firm that will be around

16. Can Telemedicine Deliver? Many projects underway –emergency telemedicine - video images, audio, vital signs and ECG rhythm strips transmitted –Yordano - deformed skull with only one eye, mild MR, and swallowing difficulties; met every other month through videoconferencing –better digital stethoscopes, and haptic glove not far ahead

17. Telepathology Transmission

18. Teleradiology Transmission

19. Can Telemedicine Deliver? Northeast Maine Telemedicine Network –22 chronic heart and lung disease, terminal cancer –examine the patients with a camera and transmitted stethoscope sounds as needed –problems reported by the users were minor technical glitches

21. Source: Family Practice Conference, Annual Session; Philadelphia 2000.

22. Can Telemedicine Deliver? Perhaps telemedicine’s most powerful use is international – dramatically speed up the process of spreading medical knowledge. Example: Medical Missions has sessions in auditoriums where hundreds of doctors can hear from a US physician

23. The Cost of Telemedicine Cost –Large sponsor $134,378 for "spoke" sites to $287,503 for "hub" annual transmission costs $18,573 for spokes to $80,068 for hubs costs, combined with low utilization in the early years of operation, yielded high unit costs –Small sponsor $15000 to $50000

24. The Cost of Telemedicine

26. Additional personnel to the typical provider-patient encounter (engineer) Higher volume of data make securing the data more problematic

27. The Cost of Telemedicine Lack of guidelines and protocols can affect the safety and efficacy –technical - equipment needs to communicate with other sites with image quality –educational –clinical practice standards - no specialty generated standards, protocols or guidelines

28. The Cost of Telemedicine Telemedicine equipment is not as reliable – transmission must be foolproof Privacy –who has access to medical information and how it is protected –unauthorized intrusion

30. The Cost of Telemedicine Effectiveness of medical diagnoses Legal issues –Which states law governs teleconferencing activities –Licensure –Sharing of liability in medical malpractice –Documentation control of the corresponding medical record what format (e.g., video, audio, paper, etc.)

31. The Cost of Telemedicine Reimbursement rules need to be clarified Joint Working Group on Telemedicine is a government-wide entity –developing specific actions to overcome barriers to the effective use of telemedicine technologies.

32. Conclusion Healthcare is in the midst of a technology revolution, but it lags other industries. The are many forms of telemedicine Establishing a program requires thorough planning –especially cost and technologic considerations Many hurdles to overcome

33. Questions?