1. The Cowboy and Cattle Drives

2. Longhorn Cattle… 267 The Spanish explorers and missionaries brought cattle to Texas. Longhorn Cattle are strong and hearty with long legs and curved horns they use for protection.

3. Open Range… 267 Before 1880’s ranchers did not build fences. They simply let their cattle roam freely Cattle were branded to show ownership on the open range.

4. Roundup… 269 Since cattle roamed freely, cowhands had to gather up the cattle with their brand to drive them to market. Calves had to be branded.

5. Branding… 268 Brand: is a designed burned into the hide of a cow to show ownership.

6. The Cattle Market… 275 How much were cattle worth in Texas? 3 to 4 dollars How much were cattle worth in Eastern Cities? 30 to 40 dollars or 10 times as much Where could Texans make the most money? Selling cattle in Eastern cities

7. The Cattle market Problem Solving In the 1880’s what was the quickest way to travel over land? Railroad Were there any railroads in Texas? No If you were a cowboy how would you get your cattle to the nearest railroad?

8. The Cattle Trails… 276 Where do all the trails start? List several cities were the trails stop. All the cities are located on what? List all 5 of the cattle trails.

9. The Cattle Trails… 276

10. Closing the Open Range… 277 Barbed Wire: Twisted wire with sharp points or barbs. It was strung between post as a fence.

11. Closing the Open Range… 277 As barbed wire fences were built they cut off cattle from water. Windmills were used to pump water from wells below the ground so cattle could drink.

12. Activity Activity : Make your own brand just like the cowboys used to. Use these sites to help you get ideas. –http://www.barbwiremuseum.com/cattlebrandhistory.htmhttp://www.barbwiremuseum.com/cattlebrandhistory.htm –http://www.barbwiremuseum.com/Typical_Brand_Designs.htmhttp://www.barbwiremuseum.com/Typical_Brand_Designs.htm –http://www.barbwiremuseum.com/Collage_of_Brands.htmhttp://www.barbwiremuseum.com/Collage_of_Brands.htm Take out a scrap sheet of paper and draw your brand.

13. Supplies Scissors Pencil Glue or Glue stick Brown and Black Construction Paper

14. How to… Trace your brand onto the black piece of construction paper. Cut the brand out. Be very careful to make it look neat. Take the glue stick or glue and put glue on the back of your brand and place it on the brown construction paper.