1. CONCENTRATION CAMPS AND THEIR LIBERATION "First they came for the Communists but I was not a Communist so I did not speak out; Then they came for the Socialists and the Trade Unionists but I was not one of them, so I did not speak out; Then they came for the Jews but I was not Jewish so I did not speak out. And when they came for me, there was no one left to speak out for me." Martin Niemoller, 1892-1984

2. ANTI SEMITISM Was created in 1879 First used by Wilhelm Marr German agitator to explain the current anti-Jewish campaigns in Europe The hostility or prejudice against the Jewish race and ethnic group Extremism in Germany made by Hitler leads to...

3. THE FINAL SOLUTION Plan to exterminate all of Jewish people Plan to exterminate all of Jewish people Implemented in stages Implemented in stages Nazis and Hitler rose to power Nazis and Hitler rose to power State-enforced racism in Jewish legislation State-enforced racism in Jewish legislation Boycotts Boycotts “Night of Broken Glass” “Night of Broken Glass” All leading to isolation of Jews All leading to isolation of Jews

4. 1939 CAMPS

6. CAMPS AuschwitzPoland (Monowitz, Birkenau) AuschwitzPoland (Monowitz, Birkenau) DachauMunich, Germany DachauMunich, Germany MajdanekLublin, Poland MajdanekLublin, Poland Buchenwald Weimar, Germany Buchenwald Weimar, Germany BelsenCelle, Germany BelsenCelle, Germany

7. DACHAU First camp to be created First camp to be created March 1933 March 1933 Empty munitions factory Empty munitions factory 10 miles west of Munic, Germany 10 miles west of Munic, Germany

8. CAMP STRUCTURE

9. Auschwitz Auschwitz –Largest camp established –Broken down three camps  Auschwitz I: –Concentration camp  Auschwitz II: –Birkenau Killing Center  Auschwitz III: –Monowitz Forced Labor camp –1.1 million Jews eliminated –Other victums  Christian Poles  Roma Gypsies  Soviet Prisoners of war

11. DEPORTATIONS

12. ENTERING CAMPS Brought from cities on box car trains OPTION 1 Fit and healthy able To work in camp OPTION 2 Healthy and used for Medical experiments OPTION 3 Most unable to work Taken straight to gas chambers Taken off trains And separated Shaved heads and stripped Naked given alternative clothing

13. HOW?

14. GAS CHAMBERS Gas vans Gas vans Gas used: Gas used: Carbon Monoxide Carbon Monoxide Zyklon B Zyklon B Tested on Gypsy children Tested on Gypsy children Delousing to control Typhus Delousing to control Typhus September 3, 1941 first killing 600 Soviet POW’s September 3, 1941 first killing 600 Soviet POW’s Most deaths from Gas Most deaths from Gas

17. CREMETORIUMS ► Put in all camps ► Auschwitz camp  Estimated killing capacity up to 340 every 24 hours ► Normally dead first

18. MEDICAL EXPIRAMENTS Three main groups 1) Tests aimed at easing survival of military personnel 2) Testing pharmaceuticals treating military and occupation personnel. 3) Advancing racial ideological tenets of Nazi worldview Other testing Sterilization experiments in Auschwitz and Ravensbrueck on “unfit” races

19. ALL INVOLVED Hitler – creator of “Final Solution” Hitler – creator of “Final Solution” Dr. Josef Mengele – experimented on prisoners Dr. Josef Mengele – experimented on prisoners Many SS officers – killed and controlled Jewish and other prisoners Many SS officers – killed and controlled Jewish and other prisoners U.S. troops – liberated camps U.S. troops – liberated camps Soviet troops – liberated camps Soviet troops – liberated camps

20. NEWS OF LIBERATION News of the U.S. and Soviet troops moving forward set off alarm for Germans News of the U.S. and Soviet troops moving forward set off alarm for Germans Began Death marches Began Death marches Destroyed crematories and gas chambers Destroyed crematories and gas chambers Prisoner riots began Prisoner riots began

21. DEATH MARCH 1944-1945 Largest took place 1944-1945 Largest took place Nine days before reaching Auschwitz 60,000 marched toward Wodzislaw then put onto trains Nine days before reaching Auschwitz 60,000 marched toward Wodzislaw then put onto trains One march consisted of 6,000 women 1,000 men One march consisted of 6,000 women 1,000 men 600 died 600 died The remainder were forced into the ocean and shot The remainder were forced into the ocean and shot

22. PUSHED FORWARD

23. FINAL LIBERATION Camps liberated by Soviet Union: –M–Majdanek – July 1944 –B–Belzec, Sobiber, Treblinka – summer of 1944 –A–Auschwitz – January 1945 –S–Stutthof –S–Sachsenhausen –R–Ravensbrueck

24. LIBERATION cont’d Liberated by U.S.: –Dachau – April 1945 –Buchenwald – April 11, 1945 –Dora-Mittelbau – April 1945 –Mauthausen – May 1945 –Flossenbuerg

26. AFTER LIBERATION No homes to go to Many died weeks after liberation from malnutrition Many had louse-borne Typhus fever and had to be treated Treated with doxycycline 200 for 24 hours Never could fully return to their lives before

27. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF NON- COMBAT DEATHS Ukrainians5.5-7 million Jews (all countries)6 million + Russian POW’s3.3 million + Russian civilians2 million + Poles3 million + Gypsies200 – 500 thousand Disabled70 – 250 thousand Homosexualstens of thousands

28. CREDITS Page 1 – picture……………google images Page 2 – cartoon…………...google images Page 3 – picture………………..google images Page 4 – map………….............holocaust museum Page 5 – map…………………..holocaust museum Page 7 – picture(1,2)………….google images Page 8 – map………................holocaust-history.org Page 9 – picture (1,2)……........google images Page 10 – map………..............holocaust museum Page 11 – map………………….holocaust museum Page 13-17 – pictures …………google images Page 22 – map………………….holocaust museum Page 24 – picture……………….google images Page 25 – map………………….holocaust museum