1. Respiratory Disorders

2. Pleurisy Inflammation of the pleura lining of the lungs
Usually occurs in conjunction with pneumonia and other lung infections
Symptoms:
Sharp, stabbing pain when breathing
Dyspnea
Fever

3. Thoracentesis
Insertion of a needle through the thoracic cavity and into the pleural cavity to drain fluid
antibiotics

4. Pneumothorax Collapsed lung
Corrected by putting in a chest tube to reinflate the lung

5. Common Cold Contagious viral respiratory infection
Indirect causes – chilling, fatigue, lack of proper food, and not enough sleep
Rx – stay in bed, drink warm liquids and fruit juice, good nutrition
Also called an Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

6. Bronchitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchial tubes
Produces excessive mucus
May be acute or chronic
COPD

7. Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis characterized by cough, fever, substernal pain and RALES -rhonchi
Chronic bronchitis – middle or old age, cigarette smoking most common cause

8. Influenza (Flu)
Viral infection causing inflammation of the mucus membranes
Symptons: Fever, mucopurulent discharge, muscular pain, extreme exhaustion
Complications: pneumonia, neuritis, otitis media and pleurisy
Rx: treat the symptons

9. Pneumonia Infection of the lung Can be caused by bacteria or virus
Alveoli fill with exudate (pus like drainage)
Symptons – chest pain, fever, chills, and dyspnea
Rx – O2 and antibiotics if caused by bacteria

10. Tuberculosis (TB) Very infectious lung disease
Cause: Myobacterium tuberculosis (a tubercle bacillus)
May also affect kidneys, bones, and lymph
Tubercles (lesions) form in the lungs

11. Tuberculosis (TB) Symptoms
Cough
Low grade fever in the afternoon
Weight loss
Night sweat
INH OR RIFAMPIN DRUGS-FOR ONE YEAR

12. Tuberculosis Diagnosis – Mantous Test (skin test)
If skin test positive – follow up with chest X-ray and sputum sample
RX – INH for one year

13. Tuberculosis Game
Go to this website and play this computer game about tuberculosis:
nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/tuberculosis/

14. Diptheria Rare infectious disease Cause – Corynebacterium diphtheria
Prevented by a childhood vaccine
Spread by nasal droplets
The bacteria release a toxin, which can produce nerve paralysis and heart failure
The infection causes a severe sore throat with swollen glands.
The patient is infectious for up to 2 weeks and about 1 in 15 patients will die.

15. Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Caused by the Bordetella bacterium
Symptoms: Severe coughing attacks that end in a “whooping” sound and dyspnea
Childhood vaccine to prevent this disease
Can last 6 weeks to several months
Coughing attacks worse at night

16. Asthma Inflammatory airway obstruction
Caused by an allergen or psychological stress
5% of Americans have asthma
CAN BE EXERCISED INDUCED

17. Asthma Symptoms: Difficulty Exhaling Dyspnea
Wheezing-HIGH PITCHED BREATHING
Tightness in chest

18. Asthma
Rx: anti-inflammatory drugs and inhaled bronchodilator

19. Silicosis
Cause: breathing dust containing silicon dioxide over a long period of time
Lungs become fibrosed, reduced ability to expand

20. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Describes chronic lung conditions, especiailly empysema and chronic bronchitis
15 million Americans suffer from COPD
90% attributed to smoking

21. Emphysema
Alveoli becomdes dilated, lose their elasticity, can’t rebound/REINFLATE
May eventually rupture
Air becomes trapped, can’t exhale – froced exhalation required
Reduced exchange of O2 and CO2-barrel chested
Dyspnea increases as desease progresses.

22. Suddent Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Also known as “crib death”
Usually between 2 weeks to 1 year
Leading cause of death for children from birth to 1yr.
Cause – unknown
Rx – sleep monitor

23. Apnea – not breathing
Dsypnea – difficult or painful breathing
Tachypnea – fast breathing
Hyperpnea – exaggerated deep labored breathing as seen after exercise
Bradypnea-slow breathing
Orthopnea – difficulty breathing in laying flat.sit straight up to breathe
Hyperventilation – fast, shallow breathing
Rales – noisy , moist breathing-fluid in lungs

24. To Be Continued……….