1. Some Thoughts and Ideas Nadav Aharony MIT Media Laboratory: Viral Communications 02/06/2008

2. ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony ContextLocationAbsolute?Proximity?SocialRelationship?Trust?Intent ? (Goal?)Interest?Device State? (e.g. battery life) Network state (e.g. temporary bottlenecks)

3.  People act differently according to situation, who’s around, content, and context. Think about the different social interaction protocols we engage in: One-on-one talk With a friend With boss In a noisy environment Several people Group meeting Business meeting Family dinner Remote interaction (teleconference) Many people Lecture Shareholders meeting Ground crew informs the waiting passengers that flight is overbooked Open discussion? Moderator? Can I interrupt? Whisper? State my mind? Get Emotional? How aggressive? Raise my voice? Do I have to answer? Should I go first? Should I go last?

4. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony

5. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 End-User App Email, IM, File Share, etc. ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony

6. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 “Social Awareness Layer” End-User App Email, IM, File Share, etc. ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony

7. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 “Social Awareness Layer” End-User App Email, IM, File Share, etc. ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony

8. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 “Social Awareness Layer” End-User App Email, IM, File Share, etc. ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony Cognitive / Software Radio: Family devices coordinate a frequency hopping sequence

9. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 “Social Awareness Layer” End-User App Email, IM, File Share, etc. ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony Use encryption for communicating with co-workers

10. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 “Social Awareness Layer” End-User App Email, IM, File Share, etc. Change Wireless LAN’s “Medium access politeness” according to company hierarchy ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony

11. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 “Social Awareness Layer” End-User App Email, IM, File Share, etc. Use social network knowledge to route data (“Friendship Routing”) ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony

12. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 “Social Awareness Layer” End-User App Email, IM, File Share, etc. Use different authentication protocols depending on relationships ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony

13. Social context pervades the network stack. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical e.g. HTTP, FTP, DNS, Telnet Data Representation & Encryption e.g. Sockets, SIP End-to-End Link; e.g. TCP, UDP Path Determination & IP, ICMP, ARP E.g. MAC, Ethernet, 802.11 a/b/g/n, ATM E.g. 802.11 PHY, SONET, ADSL, T1 “Social Awareness Layer” End-User App Email, IM, File Share, etc. ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony “Social Firewall”

14. Social Area Network (SocAN) Face-to- Face Network Comm.unity Platform ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony For more info please see my presentation at the Jan ‘08 CFP meeting or contact me.

15. Socially Aware, Context Aware, Cross-Layer Networking Engine Relationship Engine Groups/Tags Mechanism Data Collection Engine BroadcastUnicast UDP Multicast TCP Network-Coded Transport … … 802.11 Ad-Hoc Context/State Manager Ethernet Bluetooth IR … Physical Interface API Transmission Modes Transport Protocols Security Tools Encrypted Data Identity Tools “Anonimizer” Mode “Multiple Identity” Engine File System Interface GPS Interface Pseudo Broadcast Encrypted Control Already Implemented Partially Implemented Want to Implement Considering Will Implement ZigBee ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony Gossip Engine

16. Socially Aware, Context Aware, Cross-Layer Networking Engine Relationship Engine Groups/Tags Mechanism Data Collection Engine BroadcastUnicast UDP Multicast TCP Network-Coded Transport … … 802.11 Ad-Hoc Context/State Manager Ethernet BluetoothIR … Physical Interface API Transmission Modes Transport Protocols Security Tools Encrypted Data Identity Tools “Anonimizer” Mode “Multiple Identity” Engine File System Pseudo Broadcast Encrypted Control ZigBee ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony Gossip Engine Cognitive Radio Social Tools External Interfaces … GPS / Location Infrastructure Network External Sensors UI (For edge devices)

17.  Service discovery  Verification/Certificate (identity, information, etc.)  History/Logging What parts are in user’s domain, what parts aren’t? How detailed? (perhaps aggregate as time passes) How long to keep?  “Context/Identity Marketplace” Identity Relationship Context ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony

18.  Special security measures?  Policing the context realm – How do we make sure we know of offenses? Of who looks at what info? Punishment?  “Contracts/Lawyer” – How users opt-in and out? How to make them understand risks/benefits? ©Copyright 2008 Nadav Aharony

20. Network Device Networked Applications App. UI Network Modality “The Network” Physical interface

21. Network Device Networked Applications App. UI Network Modality “The Network” Physical interface Network Manager

22. Networked Applications Network Manager Network Device App. UI Network Modality Network Manager UI “The Network” Physical interface “Social“ Interface Understanding Applications

23. Networked Applications Network Manager Network Device App. UI Network Modality Network Manager UI “The Network” Physical interface “Social“ Interface Understanding Applications

24. Commonsense Reasoning Engine Commonsense DB Social Self Network Self User Environment “Model Repository” Network Manager Instinctive Reactions Learned Reactions Deliberative Thinking Reflective Thinking Self-Reflective Thinking Self-Conscious Reflection