1. Unit 7 Powerpoint Part II

2. ProspectingProspecting

3. Anaconda Copper Mining Co. (MT)

4. Mining (Boom) Towns-- Now Ghost Towns Calico, CA Other boom towns of the day: Deadwood, SD Leadville, CO Silver City, ID Virginia City, NV (near the Comstock Lode)

5. TheCattleTrailsTheCattleTrails

6. Land Use: 1880s

7. New Agricultural Technology “Prairie Fan” Water Pump Steel Plow [“Sod Buster”]

8. Barbed Wire Joseph Glidden

9. Joseph McCoy Made deal with railways to encourage ranchers to send cattle back east Set up a stockyard in Abilene, KS, to hold steers while waiting to be shipped Surveyed and shortened Chisholm Trail to make the trip easier for cattle and cowboys Organized cowboys to do western shows in Chicago and St. Louis for advertisement

10. The Range Wars Sheep Herders Cattle Ranchers Farmers

11. End of the Cattle Bonanza Cattle peaked between 1880-1885 Lower prices due to overproduction Overgrazing left less grazing space each year Overexpansion led to cattle ranchers debt Bad weather two years in a row killed huge percentages of herds Railroad expansion allowed cattle closer to rail centers, eliminating the need for large cattle drives

13. Homestead Act, 1862 Passed with the idea that the poor could support themselves with land of their own Gave 160 acres to anyone who would pay a $10 registration fee and occupy/improve the land for five years Open to immigrants as well as citizens Eventually more land was allowed because of arid, non-fertile nature of western soil Abused by land agents—only 1/9 th went to homesteaders

14. Rain Follows the Plow! This was a climatology theory proposing that farming would bring more rain.

15. Frontier Settlements: 1870-1890

16. Homesteads From Public Lands Frontier Line—the place where the population was less than 2 people/square mile

17. 1887 Land Promotion Poster for the Dakota Territories

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Maps/Figs/Tables, 17–18 Map 17.6: The Oklahoma Land Rush, 1889–1906 Thousands of people rushed to Oklahoma on April 22, 1889 to stake out homesteads.

19. What is the Message of this Picture? What is the Message of this Picture?

20. The Realty--A Pioneer Sod House, SD The Realty--A Pioneer Sod House, SD

22. Regional Population Distribution by Race: 1900

24. Black “Exoduster” Homesteader s

25. Blacks Moving West

26. The Chinese Question”  Exclusion Act (1882) - Oriental Exclusion Act - Chinese Exclusion Act

27. The West of Life and Legend

28. Frederick Jackson Turner, Historian Argued that the American West, not the East, was the real creator of the American spirit of individualism His theories are largely responsible for the legendary status of the American West Called the closing of the American frontier the ending of the first chapter of American history Later historians criticized his lack of consideration of various races and genders, but many of his assertions have held up Delivered 1893 lecture “The Significance of the Frontier in American History”

29. --Men can recreate themselves --Only the fittest survive --Good vs. Evil: noble cowboy or sheriff vs. cattle rustlers, bank robbers, Indians, or train robbers. --Myth continued on in film and later television --Fits in with the American idea of the self-made man American Romanticization of the West Western Frontiersman—a New Ideal of Manhood

30. Contributions to the image of the American West Theodore Roosevelt—Author of The Winning of the West (four volumes, written 1889- 1896) Frederick Remington— Painter of cowboys and western scenes Owen Wister—Author of The Virginian (1902), a popular book and later movie and TV series The Bronc Buster By Frederick Remington

31. Real People of the Old West Christopher “Kit” Carson—(1809-1868)John C. Fremont’s guide in California in the 1840s, later served in the U.S. military to help deal with the Indians. Considered an honorable official, refusing cruel orders of his superior. James B. “Wild Bill” Hickok (1837-1876)-- town marshal of Abilene KS in 1871, kept order in the town. Legends are much bigger than reality, but he was murdered at a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. Dead Man’s Hand 

32. Real People of the Old West William E. “Buffalo Bill” Cody—real life person on whom a fictionalized book was based. Guide, scout, Indian fighter, killed 4300 buffalo in two years to feed railroad workers, organized “Wild West” shows for profit, romanticizing the image of the Old West. One of the “Wild West” show stars was female sharpshooter, Annie Oakley.

33. Real People of the Old West Jesse James, 1847-1882 Outlaw, gang leader, bank robber, train robber, murderer. Killed by associate Bob Ford to claim reward money.

34. Real People of the Old West William H. Bonney, “Billy the Kid,” cattle thief operating along the trails. Accused of murdering eleven men before being killed by a sheriff in 1881 at age 21.

35. Real People of the Old West Wyatt Earp—Miner, gambler and marshal of several towns, including Wichita, Dodge City, and Tombstone (AZ). Run-ins with several cowboy gangs in Arizona led to the shoot out at the OK Corral. His loyal friend, dentist and gambler Doc Holliday, was charged with Earp in the killings of their rivals but was acquitted.

36. Beginning a Conservation Movement John Wesley Powell charted Colorado River through Grand Canyon in 1869. Warned public of lack of water and need for control of watersheds and lands. Gen. Henry Washburn viewed Yellowstone area and petitioned Congress to protect it.

37. Yellowstone National Park First national park established in 1872.

38. National Parks

39. Conservation Movement John Muir—helped establish Yosemite National Park and founded Sierra Club With President Theodore Roosevelt

40. Sierra Club Founded in 1892