1. Links to the Science Base of the Information Technology and Biotechnology Industries Report for the Centre for Innovation and Competition for the Economic and Social Research Council, UK 94/95 – 97/98 Inês Costa Luís Vieira MeGT 2003 - Science and Technology Policy 1 31-10-2003

2. Presentation Structure UK trends and data (Science-base/Industry links) ; Case Studies (Biotechnology + ICTS) and main conclusions; Activities of the Research Funding Bodies; Some questions to the audience….

3. Introduction / Trends and Data TRENDS Industry sponsoring postgraduate courses; Tendencies: Universities form regional consortia to deliver research and training to industries; One-Off contacts evolutes to long term relationships between institutions; Competition for industry sponsorship; Increased tensions; Project Aim To map, measure and predict links with the Science Base and industry for the domains of Biotechnology and ICTS;

4. Trends and Data: Industry Funding Source: PREST based on HESA HOLDIS Database

5. Trends and Data: Human Resources Source: PREST based on HESA HOLDIS Database

6. Case Studies: main board BIOTECHNOLOGY ICT Instrumentation & Methodologies Skilled graduates Scientific Networks Technological problem solving New Firms Mode 1 – Traditional Knowledge Generated within a cognitive context Mode 2 – Transdisciplinary Knowledge Social and economic transdisciplinary contexts Models of Interaction Between Industry and the Science Base Mode of Interaction

7. Case Studies: main conclusions Highest Importance of trained people (graduates and post- graduates); Collaboration with universities: intrinsic benefits and aid recruitment; Intermediary structures as moderators of the science/industru link; Log term relationships favored; Universities do the R&D, more applied, for the industry;

8. Activities of the research funding bodies BIOTECHNOLOGY ICT Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Medical Research Council for Biotechnology Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for ICT The IT and Computer Science Program Industrial Involvement in Academic IT & CS research: Collaborative Research Postgraduate Training People Exchange Interdisciplinary research and training with industry collaboration Postgraduate Training (CASE awards) Creation of SMEs, patent development Supply base model to entrepreneurial oriented model Evaluation of research and industry needs Collaborative research and licensing agreements Creation of firms Postdoctoral industry transfer and mobility (studentships)

9. Some questions... What level of investment is needed to retain in universities to develop links with the industry? Is it only the quality of the human resources that determines university-industry relation? (In Portugal: Roche, Jaba….) If the R&D of some industry is dropping, how does that affect other links between Science-base and Industry? The integration of other disciplines into the mix of the ICT research (or even other areas) wouldn’t stir up new research paradigms? Is the Portuguese financing model the most adequate for our reality?