1. Part III: Why do we need GMOs? Who will benefit from GMOs?

2. Source: FAO The food crisis of 2008

3. Food crisis looms in Bangladesh Associated Press, 12 April 2008 (AP Photo/Pavel Rahman) The food crisis of 2008

4. “U.N. says food riots to worsen without global action” Reuters, 11 April 2008 http://eco-beat.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/04-09-08-haitfoodriot.jpg The food crisis of 2008

6. www.nndb.com/people/250/000024178/malthus.jpg Thomas Malthus http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population.jpg Food security: an eternal concern

7. www.susqu.edu/.../ Priestly-Mar1994/Priestly.htm Joseph Priestley www.juliantrubin.com/.../mouseexperiment.gif Scientific agriculture began in the 18th century

8. Carl Bosch www.eoearth.org/media/approved/e/e6/Bosch.jpg Fritz Haber http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=11308&rendTypeId=4 Invention of chemical fertilizers

9. iStock photo 000003424427 bp3.blogger.com/…./s320/Hubert+proughing+2.jpg Mechanization of agriculture

10. http://www.iaea. org/NewsCenter/Features/T setse/tsetse_gallery/images/006w.jpg http://image.guardian.co.uk/sysimages/Guardian/ Pix/pictures/2006/07/18/farm372.jpg Mechanization is not universal

11. http://www.sustainablescale.org/images/uploaded/Population/World%20Population%20Growth%20to%202050.JPG Scientific agriculture increased agricultural productivity

12. news-service.stanford.edu/.../Ehrlich-12.jpg Paul Ehrlich http://ecx.imagesamazon.com/images/I/51ZQ306HVGL._AA240_.jpg A resurgence of Malthusian predictions Norman Borlaug Father of the Green Revolution

13. Normal and dwarf wheat The Green Revolution

14. http://www.sustainablescale.org/images/uploaded/Population/World%20Population%20Growth%20to%202050.JPG The human population continues to grow

15. www.theoildrum.com/.../12/global_land_use2.jpg The amount of arable land is limited

16. Slide courtesy of Dr. David Battisti The future: adapting crops to a changing climate

17. Slide courtesy of Dr. David Battisti Thousands of years before present 2008 AD 400 200 Today 1850AD 8000BC 2100AD --- A1B 700 ppm --- A2 --- B1 Atmospheric CO 2 The future: adapting crops to a changing climate

18. Stott et al, Nature 432:610 (2004) The future: adapting crops to a changing climate

19. Slide courtesy of Dr. David Battisti The future: adapting crops to a changing climate 2003

20. Future challenges  Producing more food for a growing population  Producing more nutritious food  Producing food more sustainably  Producing more food in a changing climate  Doing all of this in just a few decades

21. Molecular methods of crop improvement: why does it matter? Molecular methods of crop improvement: why does it matter? “You people in the developed world are certainly free to debate the merits of genetically modified foods, but can we please eat first?” -- Florence Wambugu, 2003 “You people in the developed world are certainly free to debate the merits of genetically modified foods, but can we please eat first?” -- Florence Wambugu, 2003 www.nature.com/nature/journal/v435/n7046/images/4351146a-i4.0.jpg