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Getting started with Sanskrit grammar. Inflectional form: Root + Affix = Stem Stem + Inflectional ending = Word.

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Presentation on theme: "Getting started with Sanskrit grammar. Inflectional form: Root + Affix = Stem Stem + Inflectional ending = Word."— Presentation transcript:

1 Getting started with Sanskrit grammar

2 Inflectional form: Root + Affix = Stem Stem + Inflectional ending = Word

3 Categories of verb inflection: Voice: Active, Middle, Passive

4 Categories of verb inflection: Person: 1 st, 2 nd, 3rd

5 Categories of verb inflection: Number: Singular, Dual, Plural

6 Categories of verb inflection: Mood: Indicative, Potential, Imperative, Injunctive

7 Categories of verb inflection: Tense: Present, Imperfect (Present system) Future, Conditional (Future system) Aorist (Aorist system) Perfect (Perfect system)

8 First conjugation active verbs in the present tense

9 Agreement suffixes for the present tense (active voice):

10 Active present-tense forms of bhç- `carry’ (present-tense stem bhara-):

11 The Sanskrit cases: Nominative Vocative Accusative Instrumental Dative Ablative Genitive Locative

12 Nominative forms of the personal pronouns:

13 Uses of the nominative and accusative cases:

14 Adpositions governing the accusative:

15 Accusative forms of the personal pronouns:

16 Gender: Usually, males are denoted by masculine nouns (e.g. nara- `man', masc.) and females by feminine nouns (e.g. strã- `woman', fem.); the gender assigned to nouns denoting sexless things has no clear semantic basis. There are, however, some fairly reliable correlations between a noun's gender and the form of its stem. e.g. stems in a are generally masculine and neuter, while stems in long vowels are mostly feminine.

17 Short-a stem declension: aśva- `horse' (masc.)

18 Short-a stem declension: dàna- `gift' (neut.)


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