1. Newton’s Third Law of Motion Please read pages 64-69 for the first 10 min of class.

2. Newton’s Third Law Newton’s Third Law of Motion states: for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction. This means that when you push on a wall, the wall pushes back on you with a force equal in strength to the force you exerted.

3. Action - Reaction 1 st & 2 nd laws explain how the motion of a single object changes. 3 rd law describes something else that happens when one object exerts a force on another object. According to Newton’s third law of motion, forces always act in equal but opposite pairs.

4. Action - Reaction The forces exerted by two objects on each other are often called an action-reaction force pair. Either force can be considered the action force or the reaction force.

5. Action - Reaction You constantly use action- reaction force pairs as you move about. When you jump, you push down on the ground. The ground then pushes up on you. It is this upward force that pushes you into the air.

6. Action: tire pushes on road Reaction: road pushes on tire

7. Action - Reaction When the rocket fuel is ignited, a hot gas is produced. As the gas molecules collide with the inside engine walls, the walls exert a force that pushes them out of the bottom of the engine.

8. Action: rocket pushes on gases Reaction: gases push on rocket

9. Consider hitting a baseball with a bat. If we call the force applied to the ball by the bat the action force, identify the reaction force. (a) the force applied to the bat by the hands (b) the force applied to the bat by the ball (c) the force the ball carries with it in flight (d) the centrifugal force in the swing (b) the force applied to the bat by the ball

10. Newton’s 3 rd Law Question: Question: Suppose you are taking a space walk near the space shuttle, and your safety line breaks. How would you get back to the shuttle? Suppose you are taking a space walk near the space shuttle, and your safety line breaks. How would you get back to the shuttle?

11. Newton’s 3 rd Law The thing to do would be to take one of the tools from your tool belt and throw it is hard as you can directly away from the shuttle. Then, with the help of Newton's second and third laws, you will accelerate back towards the shuttle. As you throw the tool, you push against it, causing it to accelerate. At the same time, by Newton's third law, the tool is pushing back against you in the opposite direction, which causes you to accelerate back towards the shuttle, as desired. The thing to do would be to take one of the tools from your tool belt and throw it is hard as you can directly away from the shuttle. Then, with the help of Newton's second and third laws, you will accelerate back towards the shuttle. As you throw the tool, you push against it, causing it to accelerate. At the same time, by Newton's third law, the tool is pushing back against you in the opposite direction, which causes you to accelerate back towards the shuttle, as desired.

12. Section Review Question If they are “equal but opposite,” why don’t action-reaction pairs cancel?

13. Answer Action-reaction pairs don’t cancel because they act on different objects, not on the same object. Equal and opposite forces acting on the same object would cancel. Action-reaction pairs don’t cancel because they act on different objects, not on the same object. Equal and opposite forces acting on the same object would cancel.

14. Conservation of Momentum Law of conservation of momentum: Law of conservation of momentum: The total momentum of the objects that interact does not change. The total momentum of the objects that interact does not change. Pg. 68, figure 19 Pg. 68, figure 19