Download presentation
1
PRONOUNS
3
Definition Pronouns take the place of nouns
Definition Pronouns take the place of nouns. The word or phrase replaced by a pronoun is called an antecedent.
4
Example: Halloween is one of America's holidays. It is celebrated in October. (Halloween is a noun. It is a pronoun that refers to the antecedent, Halloween.)
5
Example When Robert was peeling the apple, he cut his hand.
(Robert is a noun. He is a pronoun that refers to the antecedent, Robert.)
6
Pronouns have the same functions as nouns do, but they are used to avoid repetition, and to set/clarify nouns' categories of number, person, and gender.
7
There are eight categories of pronouns, The
categories of pronouns are: 1. Personal Pronouns 2. Possessive Pronouns 3. Demonstrative Pronouns 4. Reflexive 5. Interrogative Pronouns 6. Indefinite Pronouns
8
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
9
Personal pronouns represent specific people or things
Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on: number: singular (I) or plural ( we). person: 1st person (I), 2nd person (you) or 3rd person(he). gender: male (he), female (she). case: subject (we) or object (us). We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about.
10
number person gender personal pronouns subject object singular 1st
Here are the personal pronouns, followed by some example sentences: number person gender personal pronouns subject object singular 1st male/female I me, mine 2nd you 3rd male he him female she her it plural we us they them Examples (in each case, the first example shows a subject pronoun, the second an object pronoun):
11
ME! - I like coffee. (subject pronoun)
- John helped me. (object pronoun) - Do you like coffee? (subject pronoun) - John loves you. (object pronoun) - He runs fast. (subject pronoun) - Did Ram beat him? (object pronoun) -She is clever. (subject pronoun) - Does Mary know her? (object pronoun) - We went home. (subject pronoun) -Anthony drove us. (object pronoun) ME! -It doesn't work. (subject pronoun) -Can the engineer repair it? (object pronoun) -Do you need a table for three? (subject pronoun) -Did John and Mary beat you at doubles? (object pronoun) -They played doubles. (subject pronoun) -John and Mary beat them. (object pronoun)
12
We often use it to introduce a remark:
-It is nice to have a holiday sometimes. -It is important to dress well. . We also often use it to talk about the weather, temperature, time and distance: -It's raining. -It will probably be hot tomorrow. -Is it nine o'clock yet? -It's 50 kilometers from here to Cambridge.
13
Possessive Pronouns
14
His essay was the best. (his = possessive pronoun)
We use possessive pronouns to refer to something or someone specific belonging to something or someone. They are used to show ownership, but they never have an apostrophe. Examples: -Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (subject pro/antecedent = mine/picture) -I like your artwork. Do you like mine? (object pro/antecdent = mine/artwork) These possessive pronouns are away from the nouns they are replacing. His essay was the best. (his = possessive pronoun) -Mary couldn't find her homework. (her= homework) These possessive pronouns are next to the nouns to show ownership.
15
-refer to a singular or plural antecedent.
Below are the possessive pronouns, followed by some example sentences. Each possessive pronoun is used according to number, person, or gender: - be subject or object. -refer to a singular or plural antecedent. number person gender (of "owner") possessive pronouns singular 1st male/female mine 2nd yours 3rd male his female hers plural ours theirs
16
Used alone Used before nouns
ours yours theirs mine his, hers, its Used alone our your their my his, her, its Used before nouns Plural Singular Write a sentence using each pronoun as a possessive. The ones In the top row will be used before the noun to show ownership and the ones in the bottom row will be used away from the noun.
17
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
18
-Reflexive pronoun is used with an active voice verb in order to reflect the action of the verb back on the subject--the antecedent. ** We use a reflexive pronoun when we want to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. Reflexive pronouns end in "-self" (singular) or "-selves" (plural). There are eight reflexive pronouns: reflexive pronoun singular myself yourself himself, herself, itself plural ourselves yourselves themselves
19
the underlined words are the SAME person/thing
-I saw myself in the mirror. -Why do you blame yourself? -John sent himself a copy.
20
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
21
*This tastes good. *These are bad times. *That is beautiful.
A demonstrative pronoun is used to single out one or more nouns referred to in a sentence. *near in distance or time (this, these) *far in distance or time (that, those) near far singular this that plural these those *This tastes good. *These are bad times. *That is beautiful. *Those were the days!
22
ATTENTION The word "that" has four main functions: 1
ATTENTION The word "that" has four main functions: 1. demonstrative pronoun or adjective: That book is good. 2. relative pronoun: Anything that you remember could help a lot. 3. conjunction: He said that he had been there before. 4. adverb: The snow was that high.
23
while a demonstrative adjective qualifies a noun.
-Do not confuse demonstrative pronouns with demonstrative adjectives. They are identical, but a demonstrative pronoun stands alone, while a demonstrative adjective qualifies a noun. -That smells really good. (demonstrative pronoun) -That book is good. (demonstrative adjective + noun) Normally we use demonstrative pronouns for things only. But we can use them for people when the person is identified. Look at these examples: -This is Joseph speaking. Is that Mary? -That sounds like John.
24
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
25
We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions
We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. The interrogative pronoun represents the thing that we don't know (what we are asking the question about). There are four main interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which . -The possessive pronoun whose can also be an interrogative pronoun (an interrogative possessive pronoun). subject object person who whom thing what person/thing which whose (possessive)
26
Examples: question answer Who told you? John told me. subject
Who told you? John told me. subject Whom did you tell? I told Mary. object What's happened? An accident's happened.
27
INDEFINITE PRONOUN
28
An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person, thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite.” Some typical indefinite pronouns are:
29
Some Indefinite Pronouns
Singular Plural another everybody no one anybody everyone nothing anyone everything one anything much somebody each neither someone either nobody something both few many others several All, any, most, none and some can be singular or plural, depending on the phrase that follows them.
30
Note that many indefinite pronouns also function as other parts of speech. Look at "another" in the following sentences: - He has one job in the day and another at night. (pronoun) - I'd like another drink, please. (adjective)
31
- All is forgiven. - All have arrived.
Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or plural. However, some of them can be singular in one context and plural in another. Notice that : A singular pronoun takes a singular verb AND that any personal pronoun should also agree (in number and gender). - All is forgiven. - All have arrived. - We can start the meeting because everybody has arrived. - John likes coffee but not tea. I think both are good.
32
References: 1- . 2-
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.