1. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners1 Reenajit Kaur KEU990005

2. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners2 Project Outline To trace the development cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners ; - Conception of Idea - Invention Process - Clinical Prototyping - Commercial Model - Advantages

3. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners3 Description Ultrasonic Imaging is the second most utilized diagnostic imaging modality today. An integral part of all modern diagnostic imaging facilities FOR MORE INFO... Visit website : http://www. ob-ultrasound.net/history.html

4. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners4 Fundamentals of Acoustic Propagation Definition : Ultrasound is a form of acoustic wave with frequencies higher than 20kHz, the upper limit of human audible range Like sound, it needs a medium in which it can propagate. As an acoustic wave is launched into a medium, a mechanical disturbance of the medium is produced. An ultrasonic image is constructed from echoes returned from tissues.

5. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners5 Conception of Idea The term SONAR refers to Sound Navigation and Ranging Strengths It's history could be dated back to1822, when Daniel Colladen, a Swiss physicist, used an underwater bell in an attempt to calculate the speed of sound in the waters of Lake Geneva Underwater detection systems were developed after the Titanic sank in 1912 and for the purpose of underwater navigation by submarines in World war I. These first applications of ultrasound or Medical SONAR in underwater detection systems greatly encouraged the conception of idea of ultrasound in the medical field

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7. 7 Invention Process The invention process of the ultrasonic scanner is traced back to the very first model created Begins in the early 1940s True founder of ultrasonic tissue diagnosis John Julian Wild, medical graduate of Cambridge University, England Wild first published his work in 1949 on uni- directional A-Mode ultrasound Investigations : Intestinal and breast malignancies

8. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners8 Then, John Reid, a newly graduated electrical engineer, was the sole engineer to build and operate Wild’s ultrasonic apparatus. Wild and Reid build a hand-held B-Mode instrument and were able to visualize tumors by sweeping from side to side through breast lumps In May 1953, they produced real time images at 15MHz of a 7mm cancerous growth of the breast.

9. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners9 The First Commercial Model Douglas Howry and Joseph Holmes put together the first multi-joint compound contact scanner. The transducer could be positioned by the operator. In 1962, William Wright and Edward Meyers formed the Physionics® Engineering Inc. The first commercially available model, hand-held articulated arm ( with position mechanisms at each joint ) compound scanner was produced in United States

10. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners10 FOR MORE INFO...

11. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners11 Further Development Diasonograph® compound contact scanner was given by Donald and Brown in 1958.

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14. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners14 Real- Time

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17. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners17 Advantages The following are some unique characteristics and advantages of ultrasound : 1. Nonionizing radiation, safest. 2. Less expensive 3. Real time images 4. Resolution in milimeter range 5. Can yield blood flow information by applying Doppler principle 6. Portable - easily transported

18. Development Cycle of Ultrasonic Scanners18 Thank You Reenajit Kaur KEU990005