1. NATIONAL ICT STRATEGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Comparing Kenya with her Competitors
DR. ERIC M. ALIGULA
Infrastructure and Economic Services Division
KIPPRA
DR. KATHERINE GETAO
School of Computing and Informatics
University of Nairobi
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

2. OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION
Introduction
The Need for an ICT Strategy
Comparative ICT Infrastructure Status
Detailed Case Study – Malaysia
Lessons from Case Studies
The Way Forward for Kenya
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

3. THE NEED FOR AN ICT STRATEGY
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

4. FOCUS OF ICT STRATEGY A Typology
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

5. ICT STRATEGY Focus of Interventions
Country
Strategy Overview
Key Interventions
Some Challenges
South Africa
ICT targeted as an enabler of development
Combines public sector vision and private sector development
National Skills Development Initiative
E-rate – subsidy for schools internet costs
IT Brain Drain
Poverty
Enhancing IT Literacy
Egypt
National ICT Plan focusing on human resource development, development of ICT infrastructure, and building local demand for ICT through effective PPPs
Smart Village
Egypt Cyber Centre
Lack of a predictable legal framework around consumer rights and electronic transactions
Education, intermittent instability and poverty
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

6. ICT STRATEGY Focus of Interventions
Country
Strategy Overview
Key Interventions
Some Challenges
Malaysia
Government led policies and initiatives aimed at attracting high-end foreign investment and leading a transition to a knowledge economy
Multimedia Super Corridor
Development hurdles of a highly rural developing economy
Singapore
An industry led strategy, in which the government acts as a catalyst
Master plan on IT Education
Liberalisation of the telecoms market
Inadequate supply of an ICT-skilled workforce
Facilitating SME adoption of e-Commerce
Small Domestic Market
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

7. COMPARATIVE ICT STATUS Institutional Infrastructure
COUNTRY
MINISTRY RESPONSIBLE
REGULATORY INDICATORS
Independent Regulator
Converged Regulator
National ICT Strategy
Kenya
Office of the President
Transport & Communications
Information and Broadcasting
Yes
Communications Commission of Kenya No
South Africa
Communications
South Africa Telecommunications Regulatory Authority
Egypt
Communications and Information Technology
Telecommunications Regulatory Authority
Malaysia
Energy, Telecommunications and Multimedia
Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission
Singapore
Information, Communications and the Arts
Telecommunications Authority of Singapore
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

8. COMPARATIVE ICT STATUS Teledensity and Traffic Flows
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

9. COMPARATIVE ICT STATUS Teledensity and Traffic Flows
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

10. COMPARATIVE ICT STATUS Information Technology, Gateway Capacity and E-Readiness
 CATEGORY
Kenya
South Africa
Egypt
Malaysia
Singapore
Internet Users per 10,000 persons
125.27
682.01
282.26
3,196.89
5,043.59
Internet Hosts per 10,000 persons
0.93
43.75
0.45
35.18
812.62
PCs per 100 persons
0.64
7.26
1.66
14.68
62.2
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

11. COMPARATIVE ICT STATUS Information Technology, Gateway Capacity and E-Readiness
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

12. COMPARATIVE ICT STATUS Information Technology, Gateway Capacity and E-Government
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

13. THE MALAYSIAN ICT STRATEGY Malaysia and ICTs – Why?
Recognition that Malaysia was losing its comparative advantage in its traditional economic sectors;
Need to drive the economy towards higher productivity through technology and high value-added economic activities;
Information Age and converging technologies presented the best opportunities for socio-economic transformation.
ICTs AS A TOOL TO ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
ICTS AS STRATEGIC ENABLERS IN MOVING MALAYSIA TOWARDS KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY AND KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

14. THE MALAYSIAN ICT STRATEGY
Create a mutually supportive feedback loop between demand and supply aimed at laying the foundation for the knowledge economy and society
Initiate the process through policy intervention
National IT Agenda (NITA) formulated in 1996 with the specific aim of transforming Malaysia into a knowledge economy by 2020
NITA implemented through the National Information Technology Council (NITC)
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

15. NATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL (NITC)
Chaired by the Prime Minister of Malaysia
Established in 1994 with the vision of creating a values-based Knowledge Society in line with the aspirations of Vision 2020
Aims to enhance the development and utilization of ICT as a strategic technology for national development
Acts as a think-tank at the highest level and advises the government on matters pertaining to the development of ICT in Malaysia
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

16. NITC’S MODEL FOR POLICY INTERVENTION
Feedback loop for policy review
Organizational level
Operational function
Execution
ICT Based
Activities
National level
Strategic function
Policy coordination and integration
Policy
Framework
NITC
Strategic Initiatives
Inter- and Intra
Agency
Sectoral Policy
Organizational
Operational Activities
Tactical function
Institutional programme coordination
Programs
& Initiatives
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

17. THE NATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGENDA (NITA)
PEOPLE
comprehensive
human development
CONTENT &
APPLICATIONS
Solutions for Info. Age
work and life
ACCESS AND EQUITY
QUALITATIVE TRANSFORMATION
CREATING VALUE
VISION 2020
Values-based Knowledge Society
Connectivity
Equitable access to info
Culture of learning
Info literacy
Sustainable societal innovation for better Quality of Life
Innovation systems, creativity, entrepreneurship through R&D
Life long learning
A comprehensive framework for development in the Information Age
aims to transform the nation into a values-based knowledge society consistent with Vision 2020
focuses on comprehensive human development
addresses access and equity
develops local content for multi cultural compatibility and cost effective applications
leverages on tri-sectoral partnership as well as top-down and bottom up approaches
INFOSTRUCTURE
Info. Age Development Foundation
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

18. STRATEGIC THRUST AREAS
e-Economy
e-Public Services
e-Community
e-Learning
e-Sovereignity
Covered all areas of the economy with the aim of creating value and wealth through successful participation in the emerging knowledge driven economy
Focused on the provision of people oriented, customer focused services electronically
Facilitated interaction and communication among communities to improve the quality of life
Focused on cultivating a life-long learning culture
Focused on building a resilient national identity in the face of challenges to the nation
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

19. STRATEGIC THRUST AREAS
Conferences and Expositions
Demonstrator Application Grants (DAGS)
Multimedia Super Corridor
Provided a framework and platform for dialogue and exchange of national and international experiences on ICT, as well as to raise the awareness of the Malaysian public about Information Age developments
Promoting the use of ICT and multimedia for socio-economic development through developing communities enabled by electronic networks e.g. NutriWeb, CyberCare, Neighbourhood Centres
Provide a comprehensive world-class ICT enabled working and living environment to catalyse development of a knowledge economy. Acted as a global test bed for innovative solutions as well as a hub for development of both local and foreign SMEs
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

20. MULTIMEDIA SUPER CORRIDOR STRATEGY
Create the ideal multimedia environment to attract world-class companies to use MSC as a hub
Catalyze a highly competitive cluster of Malaysian multimedia/IT companies that become world-class over time
Leapfrog into success in the Information Age
Go Global
Lead Regional
Create value from Information Age businesses
Enhance domestic productivity
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

21. THE MULTIMEDIA SUPER CORRIDOR VISION (MSC): FROM 1996 TO 2020
Transform Malaysia into a knowledge society
Phase 3
Phase 2
Link the MSC
to other cyber cities in Malaysia and worldwide
Leapfrog into leadership in the Information Age
Phase 1
Successfully create the Multimedia Super Corridor
1 Corridor
50 world-class companies
Launch 7 flagship applications
World-leading framework of cyber laws
Cyberjaya as world-leading intelligent city
Web of corridors
250 world-class companies
Set global standards in flagship applications
Harmonized global framework of cyber laws
4-5 intelligent cities linked to other global cyber cities
All of Malaysia
500 world-class companies
Global test-bed for new multimedia applications
International Cyber Court of Justice in MSC
12 intelligent cities linked to global information highway
1996
2003
2010
2020
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

22. CYBERLAWS AND INCENTIVES Malaysian ICT Legal Framework
The
Telemedicine
Act 1997
The Computer Crimes Act 1997
The Communication and Multimedia Act (1998)
MALAYSIAN CYBERLAWS
The Copyright
(Amendment) Act
1997
Digital
Signature Act 1997
The Electronic Government
Activities legislation (EGA)
The Electronic
Transactions
legislation (ETA)
Personal Data
Protection Legislation
The MSC is supported by 10 Bill of Guarantees divided into financial and non-financial incentives.
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

23. CYBERLAWS AND INCENTIVES Bill of Guarantees
FINANCIAL
NON-FINANCIAL
Five-year exemption from Malaysian income tax renewable to 10 years,
4. Unrestricted employment of foreign knowledge workers
5. Freedom of ownership
6. Freedom to source capital globally
percent Investment Tax Allowance (ITA)
7. World-class physical & IT infrastructure
The MSC is supported by 10 Bill of Guarantees divided into financial and non-financial incentives.
8. Globally competitive tariffs
9. High-quality urban development
Duty-free importation of multimedia equipment.
10. Excellent education facilities & human resource talent pool
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

24. FIRST WAVE MSC FLAGSHIP APPLICATIONS
Smart Schools
Multipurpose Card
Electronic Government
Telehealth
R&D Cluster
E-Business
Technopreneur Development
An initiative to enhance learning institutions through a 'Teaching-Learning' by developing Smart School Integrated Solutions (SSIS) which consists of multimedia teaching-learning materials, school management applications, technology infrastructure and, training and consultancy services
The SSIS pilot program, due for completion in 2002 will cover 90 rural and suburban schools
The Multipurpose Card Flagship is to provide the government, payment application, and other future applications on a single MPC platform
Currently the MPC incorporates the following applications:
National ID
Driving License
Immigration
MEPS Cash
Health Information
Public Key Infrastructure
Borderless Marketing
Center
Worldwide
Manufacturing Web
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

25. RESEARCH & FUNDING FOR ICT
MSC Development Grant Scheme
Demonstrator Application Grant scheme (DAGS)
Industrial Research & Development Grant Schemes
Malaysia-MIT Biotechnology Partnership Programme
Technology Development for SMI
Technology Acquisition Fund (TAF)
S&T Infrastructure and Development and Commercialization of Research and Development
Intensification of Research in Priority Areas (IRPA)
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

26. ICT ROLES, OPTIONS, OBJECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT
RECOGNISE
INTERVENE
DEVELOP
GROW
ICT Roles
ICT Intervention
Options
Objectives of e-Development
Synergies
ACCELERATING GROWTH
Information and Knowledge Delivery
ICT/Knowledge/Multimedia Industries
ICT Service/Production Industries
ICT Enabled Business and Industry
ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY
AND COMPETITIVENESS
ICT-Business Process Reengineering
ICT Enabled Manufacturing and Marketing
ICT Effective Data Capture, Processing and Communication
DIGITAL MULTIPLIER
EFFECTS
Accelerating transactions & reducing costs
ICT Friendly Environment
ICT Empowerment
REDUCING POVERTY
ICT-Empowered Public Services (health, education, & other public services)
ICT Enabled Governance (public accountability, social learning and public participation)
ICT Enabled Employment Opportunities
ICT Infrastructure for networking and service delivery
Networking, empowering
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

27. THE STATUS QUO IN KENYA
Lack of a single vision that harmonizes the efforts of public and private sector and communities;
Some of the key issues have been poorly addressed, namely;
infrastructure development,
human resource capacity building and
dealing with the digital divide.
Insufficient consideration as to how ICT initiatives will be funded
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

28. LESSONS FOR KENYA Roles of Government
PRODUCERS OF ICT
through the development and deployment of ICT goods and services and ICT infrastructure
FACILITATORS OF ICT
through the creation of an enabling environment, including a conducive macroeconomic environment; a fiscal, legal and regulatory framework; and education policies
LEADERS OF ICT
by implementing e-government (i.e. becoming users of ICT),
addressing digital divides in the country, and
making ICT a national priority (e.g. through projects)
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

29. LESSONS FOR KENYA Critical Success Factors
Strong Political and Administrative Leadership
Detailed Project Management with clearly identified goals and benefits
Business Process Reengineering Required
Focused Change Management Initiatives
Adopt established standards and protocols
Training Expenses should not be minimized
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

30. LESSONS FOR KENYA
The Vision and Mission with regard to ICTs must be in place
Enabling ICT Infrastructure and Infostructure must be developed
Human resources to support ICT development and application must be nurtured
An enabling legal and funding framework
Proactive measures to deal with issues of the digital divide
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

31. THE WAY FORWARD FOR KENYA
What does Kenya want to do with ICTs?
Vision and Mission
Priority areas
What institutional structures must it have in place?
Main partners and stakeholders
Implementation strategy and process
Organisation and coordination
How does it fund ICT development?
How does it deal with shocks from ICT application?
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

32. “The greatest danger for most of us is not that our aim is too high and we miss it, but that it is too low and we reach it”
Michelangelo
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya

33. REFERENCES
ITU (2003) World Telecommunications Indicators.
The World Bank (n.d.) Information Infrastructure Indicators,
Wednesday 24 March 2004
Presented at the
The National ICT Convention of March 2004
Safari Park Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya