Future of Hadron Physics Experiments at J-PARC

Future of Hadron Physics Experiments at J-PARC
K. Ozawa (KEK) Contents: J-PARC & Hadron Facility Some topics at J-PARC and related Facility (Future plan of J-PARC & Hadron Facility) Summary

K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium
KEK J-PARC Tokyo 600km Nara 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex)
Tokai, Japan MR 30 GeV Synchrotron Material and Life Science Facility Hadron Hall 60m x 56m RCS 3 GeV Synchrotron 400 MeV Linac Neutrino Experimental Facility Hadron Experimental Facility 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

30 GeV Accelerator & Hadron Experimental Facility
30GeV proton Accelerator Transfer Line from Acc. to Hadron New Beamline (under construction) Current Production target for secondary beams Branch Point from Acc. to Hadron 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Experimental Facility
Hadron Experimental Facility K1.8BR KL K1.8 K1.1 High-p COMET Name Species Energy Intensity K1.8 p±, K± < 2.0 GeV/c ~105 Hz for K+ K1.8BR < 1.0 GeV/c ~ 104 Hz for K+ K1.1 < 1.1 GeV/c High-p proton 30GeV ~ 1010 Hz Unseparated < 20GeV/c ~ 108 Hz Under Construction 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

What we know about hadrons?
Colored quarks are confined. u, d, s quarks are no longer light. Pseudo-scalar mesons are light. Flavor SUf(N) symmetry exists What we naively think? SSB Perturbative region Current quark SUL(N) X SUR(N) Nonperturbative region Constituent quark SUV(N) カイラル対称性は L x R Pi, K, etaの扱いはNG bosonとしての特徴をしめせるといい。SSBの内訳として質量生成とNgbosonの出現がある、とするのがわかりやすい • Dynamical mass generation • the presence of p, K, h as NG bosons 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Puzzles in hadron physics
Missing resonances. States cannot be easily explained by a quark model. (e.g. Roper, L(1405), …) Unexpected states. (e.g. narrow resonances at Belle) What we want to know? What are inside structures of hadron? Constituent quark?, Di-quark? Hadron as a constituent of hadron? How can hadrons interact with other hadrons ? How mass is dynamically generated? 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Aspects of hadron physics
Inside Structure QCD Phase Diagram Hadron-Hadron Interaction Building blocks? Interaction btw building-blocks in hadron These aspects are strongly related, especially in interpretations of experimental results Interaction btw “color-less” particles QCD medium and hadron properties 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

We should aware of the difference
When we found an interesting object for our physics, then we should take all data below, because effects of these aspects should be figured out. Each reaction and energy has a suitable physics explanation. If we could have a “standard model” for all reactions, it would be happy. However, it’s difficult, I think. Inside Structure Fundamental Reactions g+N, N+N, p+N, e+N Nuclear Target g+A, N+A, p+A, e+A Heavy Ion Collisions Hadron-Hadron Interaction QCD Phase Diagram 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Physics: It is a very interesting object in terms of partial restoration of chiral symmetry (I omitted other interesting object, p meson. Sorry.) Past, On-going, and Future Experiments: Fundamental reactions COSY gp, BGOegg – Spring-8 J-PARC (LOI) Nuclear target p-He COSY 12C(p,d) GSI and Future FAIR g-C BGOegg Heavy Ion Collisions Large mass reduction in AA collisions at sNN = 200 GeV T. Csorgo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

LOI: Measurements of π-p→η′n
H. Fujioka LOI: Measurements of π-p→η′n h’ meson is interesting Related to UA(1) anormaly Large mass reduction is expected in nucleus, theoretically. η′N interaction is important as a basic information, however, current experimental data seems contradictive weakly interacting? ←COSY-11 (pp→ppη′), |aη′N|~0.1fm strongly attractive? ←near-threshold cross section of π-p→η′n reaction (against s-wave behavior: σ/p*=const.) indicating N* resonance near η′N threshold? Precise measurement at J-PARC with γ detector and neutron counter arXiv: PLB709, 87 (2012) PLB482, 356 (2000) Nuovo Cimento A75, 163 (1983) 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Physics: It is a very interesting object in terms of partial restoration of chiral symmetry (I omitted other interesting object, p meson. Sorry.) Past, On-going, and Future Experiments: Fundamental reactions COSY gp, BGOegg – Spring-8 J-PARC (LOI) Nuclear target p-He COSY 12C(p,d) GSI and Future FAIR g-C BGOegg Heavy Ion Collisions Large mass reduction in AA collisions at sNN = 200 GeV T. Csorgo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) We should keep our collaborations and competitions Guidance of theorists may must be important 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

L(1405) and K-pp Physics: Interplay of hadron-hadron interactions and inside structure Experiments: Many many experiments At J-PARC, E15 and E31 are on-going. Another results from J-PARC Y. Ichikawa et al., Inclusive spectrum of the d(π+, K+) reaction at 1.69 GeV/c, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (2014) 101D03 Inclusive spectrum only. Exclusive histogram and ratio will come next. Future physics extension K-K-pp 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Future exp: K-K-pp bound states
F. Sakuma K-pp bound states are studied at K1.8/BR (E27/E15). As a physics extension, K-K-pp bound states are also predicted theoretically. Produce the system using high momentum (~8GeV/c) proton beam and double L* production. Experiment Missing Mass Invariant Mass 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Vector Mesons in nucleus
It seems Jido-san said “We don’t need condensates!”. However, Let’s start with a discussion btw vector mesons and condensates Relations between mass spectra of V-AV mesons and condensates is developed using a sum rule. Hatsuda, Koike and Lee, Nucl. Phys. B394 (1993) 221 Kapusta and Shuryak, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 4694 In free space, there is a good measurement done by ALEPH group. （ALEPH, Phys. Rep. 421(2005) 191） However, identifications of Axial-Vector mesons in nucleus and high-temperature matter are difficult due to its large width. QCD sum rule is developed to connect vector meson mass spectrum only and condensates under some assumptions T. Hatsuda and S.H. Lee, PRC 46 (1992) R34 I’m interested in measurements of vector mesons 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

w meson Physics: Condensates in nucleus Interplay of w-N interactions and nuclear matter effects Experiments FOREST-ELPH Near threshold w meson photo production, R. Hashimoto et al., Few-Body Syst. (2013) 54:1135 CB-ELSA TAPS No mass modification (Phys. Rev. C 82 (2010) ) Large width of w meson in nucleus is suggested by measurements of A-dependence of production cross section. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008) ) Recently, they also report a depth of real part potential (Phys. Lett. B736 (2014) 26) Heavy Ions As far as I know, no significant results for w mesons HADES collaboration reports mass modification of r even in pp and AA reactions and they study effects of N* (Phys. Rev. C84 (2011) , Eur. Phys. J. A48(2012) 64) J-PARC Good opportunity to study BOTH nuclear matter effects and w-N interactions, simultaneously. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

w in nucleus and w-N Interaction(E26)
g p w p0 n p-A   + n+X  p0g Measurements of w meson in nucleus using p0g decays using an exclusive reaction Focus on low momentum w meson and clear mass spectrum in nucleus Missing mass spectroscopy and detection of an exclusive production process using the forward Beam Momentum is 2.0 GeV/c. To generate w meson at rest K1.8 or High-p Detectors High precision g detector DE/E = ~ Eg = 1 GeV Neutron counter DTOF ~ 80ps g detector around the target Neutron counter at the forward direction 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

f meson Physics: Condensates of strangeness in nucleus Experiments: LEPS Large Width (Phys. Lett. B608 (2005) 215) CLAS Large Width (Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) ) Heavy Ions Strangeness has less absorption in high temperature matter For example, see Journal of Physics: Conference Series 509 (2014) KEK-PS & J-PARC Di-electron mass spectrum Experimentally, only hadron beam can measure mass spectra of f mesons clearly. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Measurements of f meson
Cu bg<1.25 (Slow) e+e- invariant mass R. Muto et al., PRL 98(2007) Decays outside nucleus Decays inside nucleus meson has NO mass modification Blue line shows expected line shape including all experimental effects wo mass modification meson has mass modification Modification is shown as an Excess Indication of mass modification! 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

New Goal A clear shifted peak needs to be identified to establish QCD-originated effects Momentum Dependence w large statistics Pb E325 results Proton Extrapolate 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Experimental set up Construct a new beam line and new spectrometer Cope with 1010 per spill beam intensity (x10) Extended acceptance (90 in vertical) (x5) Increase cross section (x2) Deliver 1010 per spill proton beam Primary proton (30GeV) beam New high momentum beam line 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

H. Ohnishi E29: f bound state? Mass shift of f in nucleus can produce a bound state? Production pp -> ff Detection fp -> K+L s u d K+ Λ Φ p J. Yamagata-Sekihara, D. Cabrera, M. J. Vicednte-Vacas, S. Hirenzaki; 'Formation of Φ mesic nuclei'; Progress of Theoretical Physics 124, (2010). 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Charm Physics: Understand internal structure and interactions of “light” hadrons through Heavy flavor hadrons Reactions: (We should find a suitable reaction. Generated charm have a large momentum due to a kinematics. Two step interactions should be considered) DN interaction, Charmed Deuteron Heavy Flavor in nucleus High Energy, High Luminosity ee collisions Several new states are found Heavy Ion Collisions Charm quarks are also thermalized in high-temperature hadronic matter. Production can be affected by quark interactions. Example: Lc/D0 ratio increasment, S.H. Lee et al., PRL 100 (2008)222301 Exotic Hadrons in HI, S. Cho et al.(ExHIC Col.), PRC84(2011) Charmed Baryon Spectroscopy Di-quark correlation 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Di-quark correlation One of possible strong effects is a quark-quark (Di-quark) correlation Color-Magnetic Interaction of two quarks VCMI～[as/(mimj)]*(li,lj)(si,sj) “Good Diquark”: Strong Attraction VCMI(1S0, ͞3c) = 1/2*VCMI(1S0, 1c) [qq] [͞qq] Diquarks are emerged due to the color magnetic interaction between two quarks. The so-called “good diquark” has a color anti-symmetric 3bar and spin singlet configuration. It’s strong enough. One expects that a “good diquark” may be formed in a baryon. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Emergent Diquarks Baryons as well as Mesons seem to be well described by a Rotating String Configuration with a universal string tension. “diquark” in low-lying modes qq q A diquark-q picture of baryons seems valid in low-lying modes mq/mqqの効果が見えるときたいされる。 Udsのせかいだと、すべてのqqpairの効果が働いて、見にくくなる。で、チャームバリオン。 A diquark-quark picture of baryons seems valid in low-lying modes However, it is difficult to study strength of a di-quark correlation only using light quarks, because all combination of qq contribute and interfere. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Charmed baryon spectroscopy (E50)
Missing mass spectroscopy of excited charmed baryon using pp -> D*X reactions to study a di-quark correlation in a baryon Level structure of Charmed Baryon Physics is approved Detector R&D is just started. Experiment Current design of the spectrometer Expected results K. Ozawa, 20/May/2014

Physics extension w the same technique
T. Ishikawa Physics extension w the same technique The charm baryon experiment introduces new experimental techniques Multi-particle measurements in the forward region Missing mass measurements in relatively high momentum region K/p separation up to 10 GeV/c High precision measurements p virtual p, K N*, D*, Y* (slow) high-p π r, K* (fast) Such new features open new experiments also in light quark . Production of Baryon resonance is well controlled. Study further dependences on momentum and reaction. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Summary Hadron Experimental Facility at J-PARC has following beams Several experiments are on-going and planned. Please make our facility (and related facilities) productive as much as possible! Name Species Energy Intensity K1.8 p±, K± < 2.0 GeV/c ~105 Hz for K+ K1.8BR < 1.0 GeV/c ~ 104 Hz for K+ K1.1 < 1.1 GeV/c High-p proton 30GeV ~ 1010 Hz Unseparated < 20GeV/c ~ 108 Hz 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Future upgrade of the facility
2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

+ Summary of Beam line K10 (π,K GeV/c p,pbar 10 GeV/c) HRHI (π < 2GeV/c) K1.1 (π,K,p < 1.1 GeV/c ) After Hall extraction Existing K1.8 (π,K,p < 1.8 GeV/c) K1.8BR (π,K,p < 1.1 GeV/c) High-p ( 30 GeV proton, < 20 GeV/c unseparated ) 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Physics with High-p Kaon
Ξc Spectroscopy Investigate Strangeness and Charm sector K- + p -> Ξc + D- (Production Threshold: 10 GeV/c) Use the same spectrometer with charm baryon spectroscopy. Experimental issues, such as yield, background, resolutions, are being evaluated. Charmed exotic baryons Qcs can be searched using a similar reaction. K- + p -> Qcs + D+ 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Future: Heavy Ion Beam 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

f in nucleus using Inverse Kinematics
Beam & Target 1010 ions per second 10A GeV 40 cm H2 target ( 5% Interaction Length) cf. KEK-PS E325 case, 12 Gev 3 x 108 protons per sec. on 0.2 % interaction length target (Cu) If we assume a similar production cross section, ~1000 times larger statistics can be expected Production of vector meson Maximum momentum of produced vector mesons is 9.5 GeV/c Velocity (b) at the nuclear rest frame is 0.013 Small enough Decay Measurements Muon Enough momentum to identify muon due to a Lorentz boost Acceptance is in Forward region 0.035 < θ < 0.14 radian, 100% particle ID 30 % of f mesons are detected 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Back up 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

New Beam Line is under construction
In this lecture, I will introduce new experiments using a new beam line. Construction of New Beam Line is on-going. Multi Purpose beam line for following beams Primary Proton Beam (30GeV), per spill High Momentum un-separated secondary beam (20GeV/c), 108 per spill Primary Proton Beam (8GeV) for COMET Physics Hadrons in nucleus Hadron spectroscopy mu-e conversion (COMET) 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

KL K1.1BR South side North side SKS K1.8BR High Momentum 絵の説明 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium 37

Observables However, the quark condensate is not an observable and one need to find observables which are related to the quark condensate. We need to find out observables related to quark condensates. Relations between mass spectra of V-AV mesons and condensates is developed using a sum rule. Hatsuda, Koike and Lee, Nucl. Phys. B394 (1993) 221 Kapusta and Shuryak, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 4694 In free space, there is a good measurement done by ALEPH group. （ALEPH, Phys. Rep. 421(2005) 191） See the next slide. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Condensates and spectra
ALEPH, Phys. Rep. 421(2005) 191 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

QCD Sum rule Measurements of axial vector mesons in a medium is difficult. Different type of sum rule is proposed. q Vacuum Average of Imaginary part of P(w2) vector meson spectral function QCD sum rule Example: Theoretical Assumption Prediction T.Hatsuda and S.H. Lee, PRC 46 (1992) R34 Spectrum mV Measurements of vector mesons can be done in nucleus and high energy collisions. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Current status of experiments
Most measurements are done for r/w mesons High energy heavy ion collisions SPS-NA60 (PRL 96 (2006) ) Modification of r meson due to hadronic effects RHIC-PHENIX (PRC81(2010) ) Origin of the enhancement is under discussion Nuclear targets CBELSA/TAPS (Phys.Rev. C82 (2010) ) Modification of w is not observed J-LAB CLAS G7 (PRL 99 (2007) ) Mass broadening of r due to hadronic effects KEK-PS E325 (PRL 96 (2006) ) Peak shift and width broadening of r/w Large uncertainty in background subtraction method Several hadronic and experimental effects cause difficulties in r/w measurements. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

How about f meson? r/w Dynamical mass contribution is dominant Mp ~ 130 MeV/c Mr ~ 770 MeV/c2 Large hadronic effects and background issues are large f Still, dynamical mass contribution is dominant Mh ~ 550 MeV/c Mf ~ 1020 MeV/c2 Narrow width ( 4.3 MeV/c2) Small background issue Small effects of hadron-hadron interactions e.g. Binding energy of fN is 1.8 MeV (Phys. Rev. C 63(2001) R) To see QCD-originated effects, f meson is the most promising probe. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

KEK-PS E325 Experiment T.Hatsuda and S. Lee, PRC 46 (1992) R34 Prediction Use Nucleus Finite density matter Stable system Saturated density Measure Vector meson spectrum Generate vector mesons using proton beam Meson mass spectrum in nucleus can be measured using decays and compared to the prediction. Leptonic (e+e-) decay is suitable, since lepton doesn’t have final state interaction. K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium 43 2014/10/25 43

Experimental Setup KEK E325 12 GeV proton induced. p+A  f + X
Electrons from f decays are detected. KEK E325 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

E325 Spectrometer 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Target/Momentum dep. Two nuclear targets: Carbon & Copper Inside-decay increases in large nucleus Momentum bin Slowly moving f mesons have larger chance to decay inside nucleus bg<1.25 (Slow) 1.25<bg<1.75 Only one momentum bin shows a mass modification under the current statistics. To see clear mass modification, significantly larger statistics are required. Same as previous slide Excess e+e- invariant mass 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

What can be achieved? Pb f Modified f [GeV/c2] f p dep. f from Proton Invariant mass in medium High resolution Dispersion relation 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Next step Evaluate quark condensate directly. Replace by average of measured spectra p Average of Imaginary part of P(w2) Assumed Spectrum Then, calculate quark condensate using QCD sum rule. Experimental requirements High statics Good mass resolution 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Detector components Tracker ~Position resolution 100μm High Rate(5kHz/mm2) Small radiation length (~0.1% per 1 chamber) Electron identification Large acceptance High pion 90% e-eff. Gas Cherenkov EMCal 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

R&D Items ① GEM foil Develop 1 detector unit and make 26 units. ② GEM Tracker CsI + GEM photo-cathode 50cm gas(CF4) radiator ~ 32 p.e. expected CF4 also for multiplication in GEM Ionization (Drift gap) + Multiplication (GEM) High rate capability + 2D strip readout ③ Hadron Blind detector Gas Cherenkov for electron-ID 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Beam test results of prototype detectors (2012)
HBD (Hadron-Blind Cherenkov detector ) GEM Tracker 100x x x300 UV Cherenkov photons are detected with CsI-evaporated LCP-GEM and CF4 gas QE upto 40% Required position resolution (~100m) is achieved 10 p.e. Large size (300x300mm) PI- and LCP-GEM are successfully worked for a electron beam Stability and response for a pion beam should be checked at J-PARC. GEM Tracker is successfully worked. Improvement of the photo-detection efficiency of HBD is on going. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

GEM Tracker : first prod. type is tested
Y.Komatsu, NIM A 732(2013)241 islands for Y-strip (Ni plated) X-strip 200mm 125mm 100mm x Y island BVH type 2D R/O PCB 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

J-PARC Electron 2014/10/25 Cerenkov blob, f ~34mm K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

HBD (Hadron Blind Detector)
J-PARC K1.1BR in 2013/Jan (T47) pion rejection is improved with a higher gain of new PI-GEM and smaller-size readout pad measure the distributed charge: selecting 3 fired pads or more → pion rejection factor 100 with e-efficiency 70% achieved, same level as PHENIX, in spite of the less #p.e. e-eff. 70% rejection>100 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Emergent Diquarks Baryons as well as Mesons seem to be well described by a Rotating String Configuration with a universal string tension. L L qq q q ͞q There are many arguments on diquarks, indicating existence of diquarks. M2~W*L A distance of [qq]-q/ ͞q-q increases as L increases. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Emergent Diquarks Baryons as well as Mesons seem to be well described by a Rotating String Configuration with a universal string tension. Baryons Mesons L M2 (GeV2) M2∝1.1L The data are well fit on Regge trajectories with a universal string tension in both baryons and mesons. The configuration assumed in the model seems work well. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Experiment By T. Ishikawa Observable is a production cross section of vector meson as a function of t. Charmed baryon spectrometer will be used also for this experiment. There is enough acceptance. Missing mass resolution of 10 MeV/c2 can be achieved. Measurements of K* production are also under discussions to investigate strange quark sector. 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

Muon decays of f mesons Simple calculation for the easiest case f mesons are produced in the beam direction with a momentum of 9.5 GeV/c f mesons are decayed into muon pairs isotropically at the f rest frame Momentum and emitted angle of muons are calculated Momentum distribution is almost flat Large fraction has enough momentum Muons are generated in the forward region Acceptance is calculated 0.035 < θ < 0.14 radian, 100% particle ID 30 % of f mesons are detected A.U. Momentum distribution of muons from f decays 5 10 [GeV/c] A.U. Angle distribution of muons from f decays 0.5 1 [rad] 2014/10/25 K. Ozawa, Hadrons in nuclear medium

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