1. Disease Diagnosis and Prevention Submitted by Callie Parr and used in cooperation with the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. The materials that appear in this document may be freely reproduced for educational/training activities. There is no requirement to obtain special permission for such uses. We do, however, ask that the following statement appear on all reproductions: This permission statement is limited to the reproduction of material for educational/training events. Systematic or large-scale reproduction or distribution (more than one hundred copies per year)—or inclusion of items in publications for sale—may be done only with prior written permission. Also, reproduction on computer disk or by any other electronic means requires prior written permission. Contact the University of Illinois Agricultural Education Program to obtain special permission. The University of Illinois and its affiliated entities, in addition to the individual submitting the materials, assumes no liability to original work or activities therein. DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION, by CALLIE PARR Materials produced for classroom use in conjunction with permission from the University of Illinois Agricultural Education Program.

2. Disease Diagnosis & Prevention

3. Factors that influence disease Stress Nutrition Natural Immunity Environment

4. Stress Stress comes from –Too hot or cold –Too little to eat or drink –Over work –Emotional (separation from young, abuse, etc) –Over crowding (peck order, competition, etc) –Pain or injury

5. Malnutrition Does not always mean starving Deficiency of any one or more nutrients Deficiencies of vitamins or minerals can weaken the body’s ability to fight pathogens Lack of calories causes the body to go into survival mode and shut down non- essential system like immune system

6. Natural Immunity Broken down into innate immunity and adaptive immunity –Innate is the generalized immune response to any pathogen –Adaptive immunity is the specific – more rapid – response to a pathogen if re-infected again Example – injecting horses with low levels of snake venom to build up their natural immunity

7. Environment If the environment is chronically dirty, wet, etc, then more of a chance for infection of disease. –Exposes animal to feces (carry pathogens) –Moisture encourages bacterial & fungal growth –Causes stress –Filth encourages vectors like insects Clean with a 10% bleach solution