1. Tools and Machines Team: Human Beings David Armendariz Debra Hsu Tienyi Michael Liu Salvador Lopez Miguel Martinez

2. Tools Make life easier Males and Female Tools Women use tools Men use their strenght Subtle difference between tool and machine Ex. Vacume Machine: Cleaning machine DEBRA HSU

3. TOOLS FOR “MEN” DEBRA HSU

4. TOOLS FOR “WOMEN” DEBRA HSU

6. What is a machine ? DEBRA HSU Machines function as tools Composed of individual contraption that works together Simple Machines:  Screw  Wedge  Pulley Complex machines have simple machines in them Ex. Clock

7. Cleaning Tools DEBRA HSU

8. Cleaning Tools Vacuum cleaners Corinne Dufour (inventor) Impact: clean floor and no dust in the lungs Dishwasher Josephine Cochrane (inventor) Impact: Saves time and energy Washing Machine General Electric (first washer and dryer combination unit in 1954) Impact: No more scrubbing and rubbing by hand and saves time DEBRA HSU

9. Sewing Machine World’s most widespread machine Faster than by hand Industries Women and clothing SALVADOR LOPEZ

10. Dishwasher Josephine G. Cochran (1939-1913) Developed over years SALVADOR LOPEZ

11. Dishwasher Josephine G. Cochran (1939-1913) Developed over years SALVADOR LOPEZ

12. McCormick Reaper MICHAEL LIU

13. Small Electric Motor MICHAEL LIU

14. 13 women of the 405 Hall of Fame Beulah Louise HenryVacuum Ice Cream Freezer Patsy O'Connell Sherman Scotchgard Stephanie KwolekKevlar Margaret E. KnightMachine making square paper-bags Mary Dixon KiesProcess to weave straw or thread Elizabeth Lee HazenAnti-fungal drug nystastin Helen Murray FreeDip and Read Diabetes test Martha CostonSignal flares Josephine Cochranedishwasher Rachel Fuller BrownCo-worked on nystastin with Hazen Katharine Burr Blodgett Anti-reflective coating on glass Helen BlanchardImprovements to sewing machines Ruth R. BeneritoWrinkle free cotton DAVID ARMENDARIZ

15. Stephanie L. Kwolek (1923- ) Developed polymer to make Kevlar DAVID ARMENDARIZ

16. Grace Hopper (1906-1992) Creator of compilers DAVID ARMENDARIZ

17. Helen Murray (1923 - ) Co-developed the Dip & Read Home Diabetes Test Multistix to measure multiple levels like pH Clinistix- to measure glucose levels DAVID ARMENDARIZ

18. Woman Inventions.. The major conclusion to be drawn from this should already be obvious: MIGUEL MARTINEZ Woman patent them and in a significant number! They invent mechanical, agriculture, medicine, and manufacturing

19. Major patent……. Three major sources of statistical information on inventors, all focusing exclusively on three patents: MIGUEL MARTINEZ LWB, WB/28, and, Katherin Lee. Katherine Lee LWB (October 1, 1892-March 1, 1895) Machines account for 13.6% Out of 20 machines 12 were sewing or laundry macines.

20. In conclusion… The woman bureau study, MIGUEL MARTINEZ More than a third of patents in mining, quarrying Two/thirds of the patents are in manufacturing are mechanical Two/third in education and transportation. “Thus it would seem that American woman still deserved to be called daughters of Athena, the Great Contriver” by Autumn Stanley