1. Advanced and Innovative Accelerators ○Mitsuru. Uesaka *Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 22-2 Shirakatashirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, 319-1188, Japan uesaka@nuclear.jp October 21, 2010 The US/Japan HEP Collaboration 30 th Anniversary Symposium @Kona, Hawaii, USA

2. Backgrounds Proposal for Future Research Long term Collaboration on Advanced Accelerators of Nuclear Engineering Department of U.Tokyo with KEK/LBNL/BNL/ SLAC/UCLA /ANL etc. Tokai Campus ICFA Panel on Advanced and Novel Accelerators Chair: M.Uesaka (Univ.Tokyo, Japan) I.Ben-zvi (BNL, USA), W.Leemans (LBL, USA), R.Ruth (SLAC, USA), Louis Rinolfi(CERN, Europe), F.Zimmermann(CERN, Europe), Jongmin Lee(APRI, Korea), B.Carlsten (LANL, USA), W.Gai(ANL, USA), O.J.Louiten(U.Eindhoven, NL), J.Rosenzweig(UCLA, USA), L.Serafini(U.Milan, Italy), S.Schreiber (DESY, Germany), Chuangxiang Tang(China), B.Cros(Univ.Paris-Sud, France), Patrick Muggli (USC, USA), Dino Jaroszynski(Univ. Strathclyde, UK), A.Noda(Kyoto Univ., Japan), R.Hajima(JAEA, Japan) Total: 19(America: 7,Europe: 7,Asia: 5)

3. Updates of X-band (S.Tantawi) Warm X-band is regarded as CLIC and still very important XB10(X-band RF structures, beam dynamics, sources Worshop,2010) ICFA Beam Dynamics Miniworkshop, Cockcroft Institute, Nov.30-Dec.3

4. Compact Compton Scattering Monochromatic X-ray Source based on X-band(11.424GHz) Linac and YAG laser First achievement X-band thermionic RF-gun in the world 3-D image of rat by dual-energy X-ray CT (X-ray: 40keV,70keV) Electron density Effective atomic number Electron beam:30 MeV, 20 pC/bunch, 10 4 bunches/RF pulse, 10 pps Laser:Q-switch Nd:YAG 1064 nm, 2.5 J, 10 pps X-ray :21.9 keV, 1.7x10 9 photons/s 532 nm, 1.4 J, 10 pps X-ray42.9 keV, 1.0x10 9 photons/s A. Fukasawa et. al., Nucl. and Meth. B 241, p.921 (2005) K. Dobashi et. al., Jpn.J.Appl.Phys., 44, p.1999 (2005) F. Sakamoto et. al., J. Korean Phys. Soc. 49, p.286 (2006) High Energy - Low Energy = Iodine Image John Lewin, M.D.- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center: Subtraction imaging by X-ray drug delivery system Supported by Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Sciences, and Technology and Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2007. X-ray Laser E-beam Laser Electron

5. X-band Linacs for Industrial and Medical Applications 1. 950 keV Linac X-ray Source for On-site Inspection -0.2Gy/min at 1m -Erosion of outdoor metal pipes of petrochemical complex -Material evaluation by 2 colored X-ray transmission measurement 2.3.95 MeV Linac X-ray Source for On-site Bridge Inspection -~5 Gy/min at 1 m 3. 6 MeV Linac X-ray Source for Cancer Therapy - 10 Gy/min@1m, -X-ray spot :1mm at cancers -Stereotactic therapy -Dynamic tracking therapy -for moving lung cancers

6. Outline

7. Laser Driven Dielectric Structures(E.Colby) -Optical Fiber Accelerator?-

8. Outline

9. Laser Plasma Acceleration Work under the US/Japan Collaboration was initiated by Profs.A.Ogata and K.Nakajima (KEK) from the Japanese side in ~1993 Photoinjector from BNL

10. History and Updates of Photoinjectors(J.Power)

11. Femtosecond Electron Linac@U.Tokyo Reliable Femtosecond Linac and Laser Synchronization System Femtosecond Beam Science, Imperial College Press(2005) 5 10 15 20 22.5 23 23.5 Time 20:0020:30 21:0021:30 Synchronization (ps) Temperature ( ℃ ) Laser Room Temperature Synchronization between laser and beam Synchronization between laser and beam within 600fs(RMS) Cartridge-type replaceable photocathode system Quantum Efficiency and charge of several cathode material Ref). M. Uesaka, et al., Phy. Rev. E 50 p3068(1994) (World record of femtosecond beam generation, 700 fs) M.Uesaka, et al., Trans. Plasma Science, 28,4(2000),p.1133 (High quality 200 fs beam) M. Uesaka et al.,Nucl. Instr. Meth. B241 p.880 (2005) (Synchronization system)

12. High peak power laser can derive the energetic protons TNSA Target Normal Sheath Acceleration Radiation Pressure (Coherent )Acceleration proposed Bulanov and Esirkepov et al.

13. Target tumors for laser driven 80MeV proton By Prof. Murakami (HIBMC) Elaborate treatment Simulation for laser driven proton beam Ken Sutherland 69 MeV Shallow tumors which exist within 5cm below the skin Japan Atomic Energy Agency

14. Roadmaps for Laser Development, Application to Linear Collider, Light Source and Medical Use ParameterHIT (proton/carbon) laser carbonlaser proton Comments:synchrotron based slow extraction RPA, SOBP,  chromatic limit Energy of protons (MeV)50-250400250 Ions per fraction~ 1×10 11 / 2.5×10 9 (5 min)~ 2.5×10 9 ~ 1×10 11 (5 min) Voxels per fraction20 k2-4k2-4 k(assume high pulse reproducibility <5%) Laser rep rate (Hz)10 Max. ions per voxel (×10 8 )<0.40.01<4 Max. ion/s (×10 9 ) used for therapy 4/0.10.14 Energy steps~ 505-10 Energy width<0.005+/- 0.05(except rear edge) +/- 0.05 Bunch/laser repetition rate (Hz) 10 Emittances (<window)(mm- mrad) 2-322 Max ion beam power (W)0.16~ 0.080.16 (used) Max production power (W)~ 0.16( target dependent)~ 4 (10 10 p/shot) ( target dependent) Laser W/cm 2 1-3x10 22 1-3x10 21 Pulse duration (fs)50-150 contrast (at 5ps- 500ps)10 -9 (10 -13 )10 -8 (10 -12 ) pulse rise time(fs)<20 Spot radius  m 5(pulse shaping, flat top to prevent the instabilities) 5 Laser power10-30PW1-3 PW Laser pulse energy1500J150 J Laser average power15kW1.5 kW

15. Proposal for US/Japan Collaboration on Laser Plasma Acceleration by developing more stable/reliable/high- average-powered Lasers aiming at

16. Summary Many advanced and innovative accelerators have been/are going to be realized under the US/Japan collaboration. The achievements are applicable to not only high energy physics but also medical and industrial uses. Tighter collaboration on laser plasma acceleration with development of sophysticated optics is expected.