1. Safety and organization
In enmat labs
Valeria Poliakova

2. Control methods

3. Hazards control
Elimination (including substitution): remove the hazard from the workplace.
Engineering Controls: includes designs or modifications to plants, equipment, ventilation systems, and processes that reduce the source of exposure.
Administrative Controls: controls that alter the way the work is done, including timing of work, policies and other rules, and work practices such as standards and operating procedures (including training, housekeeping, and equipmentmaintenance, and personal hygiene practices).
Personal Protective Equipment: equipment worn by individuals to reduce exposure such as contact with chemicals or exposure to noise.

4. 1. Substitution Identifying hazards and assessing risks
Identifying alternatives
Think about what could happen if you use the alternatives
Comparing alternatives
Decide whether to substitute
Introducing the substitute
Assessing the change

6. 2. Engineering controls Process control
Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source
Ventilation, filtration
Warning alarms on emission

8. 3. Administrative controls
Rules
Work practices
Education and training
Good housekeeping
Emergency preparedness
Personal Hygiene

9. Threshold Limit Values
Threshold Limit Value (TLV) by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
Recommended Exposure Value (REL) by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) by Occupational Health and Safety Agency (OSHA)

11. Other notations TWA = time-weighted average
TEL = threshold exposure limit
STEL = short-term exposure limit

12. Labs’ rules

13. 4. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Types of PPE used
When it is necessary to use PPE
How to use PPE
Disposal

14. Types of PPE relevant for enmat labs
Respiratory protection
Eye and face protection
Skin and body protection
Hearing protection

15. Respiratory protection
When is necessary
Types
Filters
How to use
How to maintain and dispose

16. Types of respiratory protection
Air-purifying devices:
Dust mask
Quarter mask
Half mask
Full-face mask
Gas mask
Mouthpiece respirator
Atmosphere-supplying respirators:
Air line respirator
Hose mask
Self-contained breathing apparatus

17. Respiratory protection: types
Dust mask
Disposable
Protects from nuisance particles as well as some dusts and mists
Even best-fitting models have appr. 20 % leakage

18. Respiratory protection: types
Half-mask
Reusable
Used for protection against a wide variety of respiratory hazards
Can’t be used in O2-defficient atmosphere, limited by type of filter used, protection factor is small, facial hair limitation

19. Respiratory protection: types
Full face masks
Reusable
Can be used with variety of contaminants, protection factor is high
Expensive, can’t be used in O2-defficient atmosphere, limited by type of filter used

20. Respiratory protection: types
Air line respirator
Powered by batteries, creates positive pressure inside the mask
Easy to breath, facial fit is not cruicial
Expensive. Limited by battery life.

21. Filter to use: When dust is a hazard P3 filter (with Profile 2 mask)
Provide 30*PEL protection
To be changed, once one experience difficulties with breathing
When styrene or bensene, ethanol, etc is a hazard
A filter (with full face mask)
Brown
Effective time depends on ppm of contaminant, breathing load and ability of the filter to absorb contaminants

22. Filter to use:
When acetaldehyde, acetone, chloroform, methanol, etc is a hazard
AX (with full face mask)
Brown
Effective time depends on ppm of contaminant, breathing load and ability of the filter to absorb contaminants
When a comination of gases and particles is a hazards
Combined filter
Combination of colours

23. Eye and face protecion
When necessary
Types

24. Eye protection is necessary
When handling chemicals
When working with UV- and IR-radiation
When cutting, grinding, polishing, sanding…
When handling molten plastic
When welding
When doing precision work

25. Eye and face protection
Safety glasses
Protect against impact, dust
Usually made from PC and have UV-filter
Do not protect from chemical splashes, mists, vapours

26. Eye and face protection
Safety goggles
Protect against impact, dust, chemicals, mists and vapours
More expensive

27. Eye and face protection
Welding shields
Protect from IR or intence radiant light
Protect both eyes and face from flying sparks and slag chips
Might be hand-held or band-fitting

28. Eye and face protection
Face shield
Protects eyes and face from impact, dust, chemical splashes and spray hazards
NOTE! To be used with safety glasses

29. Skin and body protection is necessary…
When handling chemicals
When working in a contaminated environment
When welding
When handling hot metals

30. Skin protection Neoprene gloves Synthetic rubber
High density and tear resistance
Offer good protection agains chloroform, alcohols, epoxy, nitric acid
Should not be used for benzene and styrene-containing chemicals

31. Skin protection Latex gloves Natural rubber
Outstanding tensile strength and elasticity
Allergens
Offer good protection against acetone, alcohols, epoxy, strong bases (KOH, NaOH)
Not good for styrene, benzene and chloroform containing chemicals

32. Skin protection Nitrile glove Most common
Offer good protection against oils, greases, acids, bases and alcohols
Are not recommended for use with acetone and peroxides

33. Body protection White coveralls One-time use
Protect against dust and splashes
To be disposed in a separate bag after heavy use
NOTE! By cleaning them with pressurized air you inhale all contaminants!

34. Body protection Blue coveralls Resable duck coveralls
Protect against cuts and impact
To be washed, if heavily contaminated

35. Hearing protection
Should be if noise level is above 85 dB or whenever it feels discomfort is experienced
Available in the labs as earplugs (easy and invisible) and earmuffs (better attenuation properties)